Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
L-NAME Induced Hypertension and Cardiac Remodeling as Modified by Angiotensin Receptor Blockade (ARB) in Experimental Animals (Rats)
1
14
EN
Maged
Haroun
Physiology Department, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University
10.21608/besps.2007.37106
Chronic nitric oxide blockade constitutes a new model of severe arterial <br />hypertension. L-NAME or N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NO synthase inhibitor) <br />produces inhibition of nitric oxide biosynthesis and promotes arterial hypertension & <br />cardiac hypertrophy. As hypertension is a multifactorial syndrome, other factors <br />beside the sympathetic nervous system overactivity, include the renin angiotensin <br />aldosterone system & tonically active endothelium derived autacoids, nitric oxide <br />(NO) and endothelin (ET1). The present study was carried out to assess & evaluate <br />the contribution of the renin angiotensin system in the production of L-NAME <br />hypertension syndrome and how angiotensin receptor blockade by ARB (losartan) <br />can ameliorate the severe hypertension & cardiac hypertrophy & remodeling in this <br />syndrome. In the present study,the systemic effects of 4 weeks oral administration of <br />daily dose 40 mg/kg nitric oxide inhibitor L-NAME in male albino rats was evaluated <br />on blood pressure & cardiac hypertrophy in this animal model. Age-matched <br />untreated rats were used as control. In an additional group, nitric oxide blockade was <br />carried out in conjunction with oral administration of angiotensin II receptor blocker <br />losartan in a dose 30 mg/kg daily. The last group was given angiotensin II receptor <br />blocker losartan alone. Measurement of the systolic blood pressure by indirect tail <br />cuff method (Harvard apparatus), revealed progressive significant rise of blood <br />pressure in L-NAME treated rats reaching 166.2 ± 7.13 mmHg after 4 weeks, <br />compared with 105.3 ± 6.97 mmHg in control group. The magnitude of rise was <br />57.83%* (P<0.001). However, in rats treated concomitantly with ARB losartan, <br />blood pressure reached only 128.6±7.02 mmHg. This value although markedly <br />reduced, yet was still significantly higher when compared with those encountered in <br />control group. In rats treated with ARB losartan alone, their blood pressure reached <br />100.7±5.98 mmHg with no significant difference from control group -4.37%† <br />(P>0.05). This experiment showed that, although treatment with angiotensin II <br />receptor blockade losartan largely attenuated the L-NAME induced hypertension, yet <br />arterial blood pressure still remained elevated than in losartan treated & control <br />groups. The other part of the study was carried out on cardiac hypertrophy that <br />accompanied L-NAME administration for 4 weeks. Cardiac histological examination <br />of myocardium of L-NAME treated rats revealed marked myocardial hypertrophy, <br />enlarged myocytes & fibrosis with fibroblast infiltration (remodeling).Left ventricular <br />hypertrophy was attenuated by ARB losartan, verifying the presence of intracardiac <br />renin angiotensin system. It is concluded that angiotensin II receptor blockade can <br />ameliorate the rise in the systolic blood pressure & cardiac hypertrophy in this model <br />of L-NAME severe arterial hypertension, revealing the role of renin angiotensin <br />system in this respect.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37106.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37106_1f07a98be896e0f6912f6227da443cef.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
The Effect of L-Arginine onDiabetic Male Sex Organs
15
28
EN
Mahmoud
EL-Gharieb
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine
Thanaa
EL– Masry
Department of Pharmacology Facultyof Pharmacy, Tanta University
10.21608/besps.2007.37108
L-arginine is the substrate for the enzyme nitric oxide synthase ( NOS ), which is <br />responsible for the production of nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous messenger <br />molecule involved in many metabolic processes. The purpose of this work was to <br />evaluate the effect of L -arginine on male sex organs under diabetic conditions. In <br />this study three groups of adult male rats were used, the first as control, the second <br />was alloxan – induced diabetic rats under control by insulin and the third was like the <br />second but was treated with L-arginine for four weeks. At the end of the experiment , <br />the rats were killed . The serum level of glucose, testosterone, body weight, serum <br />cholesterol, penile nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, arginase activity in (seminal <br />vesicle and prostate gland), lag time and erection time were estimated. The glucose <br />level was significantly increased in both second and third groups due to effect of <br />alloxan and was less significantly increased inthe third group due to the effect of L–<br />arginine. There was also significant decreasein serum testosterone in the second and <br />the third groups in relation to the control group, with no significant change between <br />the second and third groups. There was a significant increase in the level of serum <br />cholesterol and in the lag time in both groups 2 and 3, with significant decrease in the <br />third group in relation to the second group. The other remaining parameters showed <br />a significant decrease in both second and third groups in relation to the control <br />group with significant improvement in the third group when compared with the <br />second group due to the effect of giving L-arginine . We suggest that these findings <br />due to the beneficial effect of L- arginine on the sexual functions of the male sex <br />organs that were affected by diabetes.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37108.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37108_5b0c84cfba6d9d0909cb38144854cd69.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Effect of Cinnamon Bark on Glucose and Lipids Levels of Male Egyptian Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus Patients
29
40
EN
Ghada
Soliman
Biochemistry Department, National Nutrition Institute, Cairo
10.21608/besps.2007.37110
The present study aimed to determine the effect of cinnamon bark on blood glucose, <br />triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels in <br />patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 30 patients (male) with type 2 diabetes, aged <br />30-50 years, were divided into two groups. Groups 1 and 2 consumed 1.5 or 3 g of <br />cinnamon daily, respectively for 45 days.Results: After 45 days, cinnamon reduced <br />the mean fasting serum glucose (17.63; 24.65%), total cholesterol (17.61, 24.25%), <br />LDL cholesterol (21.73, 31.86%), triacylglycerol (19.62, 22.1%), and phospholipids <br />(15.35, 26.02%) levels. Changes in HDL cholesterol werenot significant. It, also, <br />reduced body weight, thus decreasing its body mass index (BMI).Conclusions: The <br />results of the present study demonstrated that intake of 1.5 & 3.0 g of cinnamon per <br />day reduces serum glucose, triacylglycerol, LDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol in <br />patients with type 2 diabetes and suggest that the inclusion of cinnamon in the diet of <br />patients with type 2 diabetes may reduce risk factors associated with diabetes and <br />cardiovascular diseases, it, also, improves their body mass index (BMI).
NIDDM,Lipid profile,Cinnamon
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37110.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37110_fcf816c1577a758829db57c9bbdd81e5.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Supra Renal Biological Lateralization in Albino Rats
41
58
EN
Saad
Taha
Physiology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
Salah-Eldin
Elsayed
Physiology Dept., Faculty of Medicine,
El-Minia University
Mariam
Ibrahim
Physiology Dept., Faculty of Medicine,
El-Minia University
Neven
Aziz
Physiology Dept., Faculty of Medicine,
El-Minia University
emadmax71@yahoo.com
10.21608/besps.2007.37113
In order to shade light on adrenal biological lateralization and its relation to age, <br />sex, stressful condition and circadian rhythm, the present work was done on 12 <br />groups of rats of both sexes (6 rats in each). These groups were classified according <br />to age (young and adults), sex, condition (non-stress and cold restraint stress) and <br />time of the day (9 am and 9 pm). All animals were anaethetized, dissected to get <br />suprarenal gland on- both sides- out of the abdomen. The glands were weighted, their <br />catecholamines and serotonin were determined by using the spectrofluorophotometer. <br />The resultsrevealed a significant left lateralization of the gland weight and with right <br />lateralization of its hormones in adult rats. Stress did not affect this lateralization. <br />Also, the results showed a significant suprarenal medullary hormones lateralization <br />in female rats compared with the male ones, with circadian lateralization of adult <br />female rats. Data of the present study will open the door for further study, research <br />and investigation about the role of supra-renal biological lateralization on stress <br />developing disease, the role of supra-renal biological lateralization on age & sex <br />related response to stress and also, circadian relation to stress response.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37113.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37113_462ef62f349cd6aef904c8d09f3e87b2.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Protective Effect of Vitamin C and Selenium Against the Toxicity Induced by Lead Acetate on Some Physiological Parameters in Blood of Male Albino Rats
59
76
EN
Abd-El-Baset
Abd El-Reheem
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Assuit
branch
Samir
Zaahkcuk
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Cairo
10.21608/besps.2007.37115
The objective of this study was to explore whether Vitamin C or selenium could be <br />protective against the toxic effect of lead acetate. To achieve this purpose, certain <br />hematological and biochemical parameters were studied. Twenty male albino rats <br />(Rattus norvegicus), weighing about 130-150 gram were used. The rats were divided <br />into four groups, each group included five rats. The first group was the control, the <br />second group was administrated orally lead acetate (20 mg / kg of the body weight / <br />day/four weeks), the third group was administrated orally with the same dose of lead <br />acetate plus vitamin C (50 mg/kg body weight/ day/four weeks), the fourth group was <br />given the same dose of lead acetate as the second group and plus sodium selenate in a <br />dose of (0.1 mg /kg body weight/ day/four weeks). Food and water were allowed <br />adlibitum for all the groups. The experimental period was four weeks. The results <br />showed that there was a significant decrease in hematological indices studied in the <br />second group (red blood count, white blood count, and hemoglobin concentration and <br />haematocrit value) after the administration of lead acetate. Moreover, there were <br />higher significantly increase in serum glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, urea and <br />creatinine compared with the control group. The third group showed improvement in <br />the hematological parameters,(red blood& white blood count ,hemoglobin <br />concentration and haematocrit value ).Also improvement in the biochemical <br />parameters of serum glucose ,total lipids ,cholesterol ,urea and creatinine compared <br />to second group. The fourth group showed significant improvement compared with <br />the second group. In addition, a significant decrease in serum glucose, total lipids, <br />total cholesterol, urea and creatinine were found of this group. In conclusion, the <br />results of different parameters studied in rats received orally vitamin C or selenium <br />showed improvement compared with the rats orally received lead.
vitamin c,selenium,toxicity,Lead acetate,physiological parameters,male albino rat
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37115.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37115_1e4f7ef065542a529fba6b414dfae607.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Role of dietary supplementation of methionine and Folic acid in early atherosclerotic Changes in adult male mice
77
94
EN
Marwa
Ahmed
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
mar_az_ahmed@yahoo.com
Manal
Sead
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.
Ola
Omran
Pathology
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.
Heba
Said
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.
10.21608/besps.2007.37117
Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important intermediate product in normal <br />metabolism of methionine. On the other hand, several studies have reported <br />beneficial effects of folate on endothelial dysfunction. However the exact mechanism <br />remains to be elucidated. Thus the objective of this study was to asses the relationship <br />between total plasma Homocysteine (tHcy) and early atherosclerotic changes and <br />whether Hcy exerts its effect through the vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) or <br />not. Study Design: Forty adult male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, each <br />group included 10 mice. Control group which received the control diet. Group II: <br />which received the control diet plus methionine dissolved in drinking water (4.4%) at <br />doses of 3-4 ml/day/mice for 8 weeks. Group III: received the control diet and <br />methionine by the same previous dose and duration, concomitant with folic acid in a <br />dose 1mg/kg. Group IV: received the control diet and methionine by the same <br />previous dose and duration then followed by folic acid in the same previous dose for <br />another 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken for estimation of tHcy ,total cholesterol <br />(TC),High density lipoprotien (HDL),Low density lipoprotein (LDL), nitric oxide <br />(NO) , superoxide dismutase (SOD) . Specimens from aorta were taken and processed <br />for imunohistochemical staining of VCAM-1 and histopathological examination. <br />Results: The plasma level of Hcy and cholesterol of group II were significantly higher <br />than those of the remaining groups and there was a positive correlation between <br />plasma level of Hcy and cholesterol. Although there was no significant difference <br />between group I and group III ,there was a significant difference of these levels <br />between group I and group IV. Plasma levels of LDL,HDL and triglycerides did not <br />differ statistically between all studied groups. Plasma levels of NO in group II was <br />significantly lower than the other studied group .Its levels in group I was significantly <br />higher than that ofgroup III and group IV. Plasma levels of SOD of group II was <br />significantly lower than the other studiedgroup. Although there was no significant <br />difference between NO levels of group I and group III, there was a significant <br />difference of these levels between group I and group IV. As regard the endothelial <br />VCAM-1 expression, marked increase in the expression of VCAM-1 in group II. Low <br />expression in group III (similar to the groupI). Moderate expression of group IV. The <br />high expression of VCAM-1 in group II might be responsible for the observed <br />histological changes; thickening of the aortic wall and adherent inflammatory cells to <br />the irregular endothelial lining. Conclusion:Elevated plasma homocysteine is a risk <br />factor for early atherosclerosis which was confirmed by the endothelial expression of <br />VCAM-1. Prophylactic administration of folicacid has a beneficial effect more than <br />its role as a treatment
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37117.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37117_2bb138fc58afdae767bbee7b4adaac9d.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
The potential protective antidiabetic effect of inosine in type 1 diabetic mice
95
108
EN
Saad
El-Sekelly
Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine
El-Minia University
Salah El-Din
El-Sayed
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine
El-Minia University
10.21608/besps.2007.37120
Inosine –a naturally occurring purine- was long considered to be an inactive <br />metabolite of adenosine. However, recently inosine has been shown to be an immuno-modulator and anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of the present study was to <br />determine whether inosine can affect the development of type 1 diabetes in mice. Type <br />1 diabetes was induced chemically by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. (MLDS). <br />Mice were treated with inosine (100 or 200mg/kg/day) and diabetes incidence was <br />monitored. The effect of inosine on oxidative stress also was determined. The results <br />showed that inosine reduced the incidence of diabetes in streptozotocin-induced <br />diabetes and also decreased the oxidative stress. The purine exerts anti-inflammatory <br />effects in the pancreas, which is its likely mode of action. The use of inosine should be <br />considered as a potential preventive therapy in humans susceptible to develop Type 1 <br />diabetes.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37120.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37120_68b34c4985b60ea3b8555ac2f587dd7c.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Activin a and follistatin in chronic heart failure
109
118
EN
Howaida
Nounou
Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
Azza
Hassan
Department of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
Hanan
AbdelAziz
Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
10.21608/besps.2007.37122
Activin A a member of TGF-B superfamily has been involved in several pathologic <br />processes. It is also accused to have a pathognomonic role in atherogenesis and the <br />development of heart failure. Its activity is regulated by a glycoprotein called <br />follistatin that bind activin preventing its function. uPA is a serine protease that <br />activates plasminogen thus initiating a cascade of fibrinolysis and extra cellular <br />proteolysis. The aim of this study is to assess the role of activinA, follistatin and uPA <br />in patients with chronic heart failure and to find if there is any correlation among <br />their levels. The present study was conducted on 30 patients with chronic heart <br />failure as a result of cardiomyopathy or ischemic heart diseases (group I). There <br />were 20 healthy subjects of matched age and sex involved in the study as a control <br />group (group II). In both groups serum activin A, follistatin, uPA and lipid profile <br />that included serum T.G, total cholesterol, LDLc and HDLc were estimated. Results:<br />there was a significant increase in serum activin A and follistatin and a significant <br />decrease of uPA in group I as compared to controls. As regard to lipid profile there <br />was a significant increase in serum T.G, serum total cholesterol and serum LDLc in <br />group I than group II while there was a significant decrease in patients than the <br />controls regarding HDLc. There was significant positive correlation between activin <br />A and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in group 1. Conclusion:activin <br />A/follistatin system may play a role in the pathogenesis of heart failure; also uPA <br />could be suggested to have an important role in atherosclerosis and ischemic <br />vascular disease that predisposes to heart failure due to the possible role of activin A <br />cytokine in the fibrinolytic activity of uPA.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37122.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37122_dc1cf23bb668ea5e4b1430147c21c22f.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Relation between Melatonin and Other Markers of Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Epileptic Children: Effect of Valproate Therapy
119
132
EN
Aisha
Eid
Department of Medical Biochemistry
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
Omneya
Afify
Department of Pediatrics ,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
Amira
Idris
Department of Pediatrics ,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
Layla
Sleem
Department of Pediatrics ,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
Heba
El Salamony
Jihan
Ibraheim.
10.21608/besps.2007.37124
The aim of the present work was to investigate the relationship between serum <br />melatonin levels and other markers of oxidant/antioxidant balance in epileptic <br />children before and after treatment with the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA). <br />The study was conducted on twenty epileptic children prior to starting therapy, as <br />well as on another twenty age and sex matched epileptic children receiving treatment <br />with the antiepileptic drug VPA, for a minimum duration of one year. Fifteen age and <br />sex matched healthy children were included as a control group. Serum melatonin, <br />zinc, copper, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide <br />dismutase (SOD) activity were measured inall subjects. Mean levels of melatonin and <br />MDA were significantly increased while SOD activity was significantly decreased in <br />both untreated and treated epileptics versus control. However, the melatonin and <br />SOD were significantly lower in treated versus untreated epileptics. The serum zinc <br />levels were significantly lower while the serum copper levels were significantly <br />higher in treated versus untreated epileptics. Melatonin was negatively correlated to <br />MDA and copper and positively correlated to SOD. It thus seems possible that <br />oxidant stress is associated with epilepsy and is aggravated with VPA therapy leading <br />to relative reduction in melatonin (in treated versus untreated epileptics) and <br />absolute reduction in erythrocytic SOD and serum zinc concentrations.
Epilepsy,serum melatonin,zinc,copper,and malondialdehyde (MDA,) erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD),antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA)
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37124.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37124_f93f2b54fc90e9d4c6e878d6fb6f1f9c.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Angiogenesis Versus Antiangiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer Patients with and Without Liver Metastases
133
150
EN
Aisha
Eid
Department of Medical Biochemistr, Faculty of Medicine
, Cairo University.
Moustafa
EL-Shazli
Department of Surgery
,Faculty of Medicine
, Cairo University.
Alia
Ayad
Department of
Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
Eman
Zaki
Department of Radiology,
National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.
10.21608/besps.2007.37126
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and progression and is mediated by <br />positive and negative regulators of vessel growth. Since angiogenic mediators found <br />in patient's serum have been postulated to reflect the angiogenic potential of a <br />malignant tumor, the angiogenic stimulators activity such as vascular endothelial <br />growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis inhibitors such as endostatin have been <br />evaluated in the serum of patients with colorectal caner (CRC) with and without liver <br />metastases, in an attempt to study the prognostic value of the above parameters. The <br />present work was conducted on thirty six patients with colorectal cancer and twelve <br />control subjects. The patients' group included twenty localized colorectal cancer <br />patients all of them had radical surgical resection. The second patients' group <br />consisted of sixteen colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. The serum <br />endostatin and VEGF levels weresignificantly higher in the patients with colorectal <br />cancer versus healthy controls. When compared according to tumor stage, the liver <br />metastatic group had significantly higher levels of serum endostatin and VEGF <br />versus the localized invasive group (without distant metastasis). Both groups <br />of patients with localized invasive cancer and patients with liver metastasis had <br />significantly higher mean serum endostatin and VEGF levels versus healthy controls. <br />Serum endostatin and VEGF levels inlocalized invasive group decreased <br />significantly after resection of the tumor. There was a significant positive correlation <br />between preoperativeendostatin and VEGF levels inall cancer patients. High <br />preoperative VEGF and endostatin levels were strongly associated with the tumor <br />size, tumor grade, lymph node metastases and subsequent recurrence. Significant <br />positive correlation was, also, detected between endostatin levels and number as well <br />as volume of hepatic metastases.The previous results denote that serum levels of <br />endostatin, and VEGF were elevated and positively correlated in patients with CRC. <br />The elevation was associated with the stage of CRC, greater disease burden and <br />subsequent recurrence. Thus, elevation ofserum levels of endostatin, and VEGF <br />might be considered as indicators of tumor invasion and metastasis in the future. <br />Thus, the present study demonstrates the prognostic utility of measuring angiogenic <br />and antiangiogenic factors before resection of colorectal cancer.
colorectal caner (CRC),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),Endostatin,liver metastases
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37126.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37126_35c7889ebcc64df854e47a09ca4617ee.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Estimation of Serum Interleukin- 12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17(IL-17) and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (s-VCAM) in Multiple Sclerosis
151
170
EN
Omayma
EL Kholy
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Amira
Hassouna
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Ibtesam
Fahmy
Department of Neurology,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Reda
Saad
Department of Radiology
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Radwa
Taha
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
10.21608/besps.2007.37129
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and heterogeneous disease, and our <br />understanding of the disease initiation mechanism and its wide clinical variability is <br />limited. Cytokines and leukocyte endothelial adhesion play an important role in the <br />initiation and maintenance of the inflammatory reaction in multiple sclerosis. The <br />present study aimed to estimate the serum levels of IL-12 and IL-17 (cytokines) and <br />sVCAM (an adhesion molecule) in different MS subtypes and to assess their <br />relationship to disease activity, disability and MRI findings of cerebral atrophy. We <br />analyzed serum levels of interleukins 12 and 17 (IL-12 and IL-17) and soluble <br />vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) in 53 patients; 20 relapsing-remitting in <br />remission (RRMS in remission), 16 relapsing-remitting in relapse (RRMS in relapse), <br />and 17 secondary progressive (SPMS) and 15 healthy age and sex matched controls. <br />For each patient the following were performed: clinical evaluation assessment of <br />disability using Expanded Disability Status Scale Score (EDSS) and Magnetic <br />resonance imaging (MRI) assessment to detect the presence of cerebral atrophy and <br />the extent of lesion load. Results:The mean serum levels of each of studied <br />biomarkers IL-12, IL-17 and sVCAM were elevated in all MS groups compared to the <br />control group. Significantlyhigher levels were detected in SPMS versus RRMS <br />groups (whether in relapse or RRMS in remission) and were significantly higher in <br />RRMS in relapse versus RRMS in remission. The three biomarkers were significantly <br />correlated to each other. EDSS score showed significantly higher levels in SPMS <br />compared to both RRMS whether in relapse or remission. However no significant <br />difference was detected between RR in relapse and in remission. EDSS correlated <br />significantly with IL-12 and correlated weakly with each of IL-17 and sVCAM. <br />Patients with MRI signs of cerebral atrophy showed significant higher levels of EDSS <br />score and serum IL-12, IL-17 and sVCAM levels versus patients without cerebral <br />atrophy. A significant correlation was found between the presence of cerebral <br />atrophy and the EDSS score. However, no significant correlations could be detected <br />between cerebral atrophy and the biomarkers; IL- 12, IL-17 and sVCAM. <br />Conclusion:Serum levels of IL-12, IL-17 and sVCAM are elevated in remission-relapse and progressive subtypes of MS and in MS associated with brain atrophy <br />denoting that the inflammatory status in MS tends to persist in early and advanced <br />stages of the disease. Immunomodulatory therapy targeting the above parameters
might seem to be beneficial to delay disease progression and/or reduces lesion <br />activity. Except for IL-12 a rather weakrelationship exists between the above-mentioned markers and the degree of disability induced by MS, thus excluding their <br />utility as reliable markers of disability.
Multiple sclerosis,interleukin -12,interleukin -17,Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule,cerebral atrophy
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37129.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37129_38a4c839d2caa4264a4ac04e1f4719e1.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
The relationship between plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and plasma insulin like Growth factor-i levels on diabetic nephropathy in Patients with type 2 diabetes
171
184
EN
Mohga
Abdalla
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University
Hayat
Sharada
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University
Sameh
shakor
Internal Medicine Department, National Institute of Diabetes and
Endocrinology(NIDE)
Ashraf
Imen
Clinical pathology Department, National
Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology(NIDE)
Neveen
ElTokhey
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University
10.21608/besps.2007.37132
Plasma Vascular endothelial growth factors (p VEGFs) as well as plasma insulin like <br />growth factors- I (pIGFs- I) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes <br />mellitus. This study was performed to determine whether alternations of p VEGFs and <br />pIGFs are related to diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.Patients & <br />Methods:We examined the association of pVEGFs and pIGFs concentrations with <br />fasting glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c %), urinary measured renal <br />parameters i.e. creatinine clearance and albuminuria in 75 patients with type 2 <br />diabetes and 25 healthy controls. Study subjects were divided into four groups using <br />urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Results:We confirmed that (i) both <br />pVEGFs and pIGFs showed remarkable increase in all diabetic groups with worsen <br />A/Cr ratio, as compared with controls. (ii) p VEGFs and pIGFs were increased in <br />diabetic patients as long as glycemic control was not achieved. (iii) Vascular <br />endothelial growth factor in plasma as well as plasma insulin like growth factors <br />elevations were also revealed statistically. (iv) Direct positive correlation between <br />pVEGFs and pIGFs-I with glycemic control index, albuminuria were noticed. <br />Conclusion:The release of both p VEGFs as well as pIGFs was increased during <br />the earlier stage of diabetic nephropathy and were significantly correlated with <br />urinary albumin excretion. This suggested that pVEGFs could be used as an early <br />sensitive marker for the diagnosis before the stage of microalbuminuria. and for <br />predicting disease progression to start therapy very early.
type2 diabetes mellitus,diabetic nephropathy,plasma vascular endothelial growth factors,plasma insulin like growth factors
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37132.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37132_a85a9fb3fa712b9e047367cef5c51d4d.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Role of Nitric Oxide in Neuromuscular Transmission and Its Effects at Different Frequencies of Nerve Stimulation
185
202
EN
Mohamed
Emran
The Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Hemmat
Kholousy
The Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Samah
El-Attar
The Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Rasha
El-Deeb
The Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, MUST
10.21608/besps.2007.37134
Background:The free radical gas nitric oxide (NO) exhibits diverse vital roles in the <br />human body.It is now recognized as a major messenger molecule. Neural NO-synthase is present in the sarcolemma of type II skeletal muscle fibers. In rats, the NO <br />synthase pathway is present in skeletal muscle, vascular smooth muscle and motor <br />nerve terminal. However, previous studies did not determine whether NO facilitates <br />or impairs neuromuscular transmission in preparations indirectly stimulated at <br />different frequencies. Aim of work: The study aims to examine the effect of NO in rat <br />neuromuscular preparation at different stimulation frequencies and modulation of its <br />effect by hemoglobin (NO scavenger). Methods: 30 rats were used in the experiment <br />and were divided into 2 groups: GpI: rat diaphragms were electrically stimulated by <br />supramaximal stimuli, at low frequency of 0.5Hz for 0.5msec, directly and indirectly <br />to induce simple muscle twitch, GpII: rat diaphragms were electrically stimulated by <br />high frequency of 100Hz, directly and indirectly to induce tetanic contraction. Rat <br />diaphragms were bathed in Krebs solution. To investigate the effect of NO, L-arginine was added to the bath in a dose of 4.7nM/50ml bath. Then bovine Hb (50 <br />nM /50ml bath was added to scavenge NO. A contact time of 3 minutes is allowed for <br />each step and the amplitude of maximal contraction(∆Y), contraction time(∆X), and <br />1/2 relaxation time (1/2Rt) were measured in GpI, while only amplitude of maximal <br />contraction was measured in GpII. Results: NO significantly increased ∆Y, ∆X and <br />decreased 1/2 Rt when rat diaphragm preparations were stimulated indirectly at low <br />or high frequencies. In contrast, when rat diaphragm preparations were stimulated <br />directly at either low or high frequencies, NO significantly decreased ∆Y, ∆X, and <br />increased 1/2 Rt. Bovine Hb completely reversed the NO effects. Conclusion: We can <br />conclude that NO has dual actions, facilitatory and inhibitory, on skeletal muscle <br />contraction using indirect or direct electrical stimulation respectively at both low and <br />high frequencies. Bovine Hb antagonized the effects of NO in all experimental steps, <br />giving an additional proof that the recorded changes were NO mediated.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37134.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37134_231dd8279b0b01820cf7042fdec0aeab.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Protects the Rat Heart Against Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury by Modulating Apoptosis: A Possible Role for Endogenous Nitric Oxide
203
220
EN
Samah
El-Attar
The Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
10.21608/besps.2007.37136
Background: Intermittent hypoxia has been shown to provide myocardial protection <br />against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cardiac myocyte loss through apoptosis has <br />been reported in ischemia/reperfusion injury. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in <br />modulating apoptosis in rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia is controversial. <br />The aim of the present work is to investigate the possible role of nitric oxide synthase <br />inhibition on modulation of apoptosis in ischemic- reperfused isolated hearts of rats <br />exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia. Methods: Adult male albino rats were used <br />and exposed to normaxic or hypoxic conditions as follows: Group I: Normoxic <br />conditions (normoxia group), Group II : Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH group) <br />(10% O2 and 90% N2) for 8 hours daily, then to normal environmental air for the <br />rest of the day, 5 days/ week for 4 weeks, Group III: Normoxic conditions and treated <br />with L-NAME (10 mg/kg B.W.via intra-gastric route) (L-NAME group), Group IV: <br />Chronic intermittent hypoxia and treated with L-NAME (CIH + L-NAME group) They <br />had daily L-NAME(10 mg/kg B.W.via intra-gastric route) and exposed to the chronic <br />intermittent hypoxia in the same way and duration as rats of group II. Isolated <br />perfused hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia followed by 30 <br />minutes reperfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), contractility <br />(dp/dt), and heart rate(HR) were recorded continuously. Expression of Bcl-2 in the <br />myocardium was detected. Results: The parameters of functional recovery were <br />improved in CIH group with significant increase in Bcl-2 expression as compared to <br />normoxia group. Treatment with L-NAME led to attenuation of improved post–<br />ischemic recovery of the ventricular function provided by chronic intermittent <br />hypoxia with significant reduction in Bcl-2 expression compared with CIH group. <br />Conclusion: adaptation to chronic intermittent hypoxia increases cardiac tolerance to <br />ischemia/reperfusion. This protective effect was associated with increased expression <br />of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, that limits the apoptotic cell death in the <br />myocardium following the ischemic/reperfusion insult. L-NAME attenuated both the <br />improved recovery of cardiac function and the expression of antiapoptotic protein <br />Bcl-2 induced by CIH.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37136.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37136_983f3d15834ff97bfed8343320f25a5c.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Amelioration of Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats by Oral Administration of Ginger Extract
221
240
EN
Hala
Abdel Gawad
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria
University
Lamiaa
Hammad
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girl),
Al-Azhar University, Cairo
Hanan
El-Abhar
Department of Pharmacology &
Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
10.21608/besps.2007.37138
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronically recurrent inflammatory bowel disease of <br />unknown origin. The aim of the present study is to evaluate possible protective effects <br />of ginger extract (GE) on the extent and severity of UC causedby intracolonic <br />administration of acetic acid in rats. Animals received either GE (100, 200 and 400 <br />mg/kg) or sulphasalazine (500 mg/kg), for 3 consecutive days before intra-rectal <br />acetic acid administration (1 ml, 4% v/v), and continued for another 7 days after the <br />induction. The degree of tissue injuries was assessed by macroscopical and <br />histopathological scores of the colonic mucosa. the biochemical studies involve the <br />redox state including colon mucosal content of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index <br />of lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) and protein carbonyl content (PCO) as <br />indexes of protein oxidation as well as the activity of catalase and superoxide <br />dismutase (SOD) enzymes in addition to some indicators of the inflammatory <br />response myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, index of neutrophilic infiltration, and the <br />tissue contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2(PGE2). Oral <br />pretreatment with ginger extract and sulphasalazine were able to correct altered <br />parameters significantly. Moreover, ginger extract attenuated the macroscopic <br />colonic damage and the histopathological changes-induced by acetic acid. These <br />results suggest a beneficial protective effect of ginger extract against acetic acid-induced colitis possibly by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
ulcerative colitis,Ginger extract,TNF-α,PGE 2,MPO,Oxidative Stress,Rats
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37138.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37138_aaaeeca25b40624d87c0a7415161ba02.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Liver Cirrhosis: Relation to Disease Severity and Development of Portal Hypertension
241
250
EN
Soha
Abdel-moneim
Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University
Ehab
Abdou
Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University
Amany
Osama
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Nagwa
Ahmed
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag university
10.21608/besps.2007.37141
Aims:To assess the level of Vascular Endothelial Growth factor (VEGF) and Insulin-like Growth Factor -1(IGF-1) in serum of patients with liver cirrhosis and correlate <br />them to Child-Pugh classes and to correlate Vascular Endothelial Growth factor to <br />Color Doppler indices of portal and splenic veins.Patients and Methods: fifty-five <br />patients with liver cirrhosis and ten healthy controls were chosen. They underwent a <br />thorough history, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonography and Color <br />Doppler examination of portal vein and portal pressure. The serum levels of VEGF <br />and IGF-1 were measured using commercial ELISA kits.Results: The median (and <br />interquartile range) of serum VEGF was significantly lower in patients than controls <br />(120ng/L [110-330] and 341ng/L [258-990] respectively, p value < 0.001), also there <br />was a significant decrease in IGF-1 in patients than controls (34ng/ml [23-48.3] and <br />147.2ng/ml[125.8-220.2] respectively, p value < 0.000). There was a significant <br />difference in median serum VEGF and IGF-1 levels among the different Child-Pugh <br />classes (class A: 110ng/L [109-120], class B: 120.5ng/L [120-462], and class C <br />126.5ng/L [110-286], p value < 0.005 for VEGF and class A: 48.3ng/ml [42.8-49.4], <br />class B: 23ng/ml [20.8-34], and class C 36.6ng/ml [32.3-49.7], p value < 0.000 for <br />IGF-1). A significant positive correlation was noted between serum VEGF and <br />maximum portal vein velocity and maximum splenic vein velocity (Spearman's r = <br />0.780, r = 0.693 respectively, p value < 0.000). A significant negative correlation was <br />noted between serum VEGF and the hepatic artery resistance index and splenic hilar <br />diameter (Spearman's r = -0.462, r = - 0.695 respectively, p value < 0.000). <br />Significant positive correlation was found between IGF-1 serum levels and serum <br />albumin (Spearman's r = 0.310, p value = 0.012). No correlation was found between <br />VEGF serum levels and serum albumin.Conclusion: Circulating VEGF level in <br />patients with liver cirrhosis could not serve as an indicator of the progression of liver <br />cirrhosis but rather it may reflect developmentof complication in the form of portal <br />hypertension. Also, liver cirrhosis is associated with changes in serum IGF-1 that is <br />related to the degree of liver dysfunction.
vascular endothelial growth factor,insulin like growth factor-1,Liver cirrhosis,Portal Hypertension
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37141.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37141_f45bf62aa7ff0ba2d7eabb778fadbe12.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Efficacy of Pentoxifylline as an Antifibrotic Drug in Experimental Murine Schistosomal Hepatic Fibrosis
251
274
EN
Eman
Khalifa
Department of Parasitology,
Faculty of Medicine-Tanta University
Heba
Mahmoud
Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine-Tanta University
Ahmad
Farrag
Department of Tropical Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine-Tanta University
Hala
Hamouda
Department of
Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine-Tanta University
Amal
Baalash
Department of
Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine-Tanta University
10.21608/besps.2007.37144
Aim: The present study was a preliminary trial evaluating the possible antifibrotic <br />effect of pentoxifylline on experimentally induced schistosomal hepatic fibrosis and, <br />also, to investigate its effect on serum leptin and transforming growth factor -β1 <br />levels as possible antifibrotic mechanisms in correlation with the hepatic fibrosis <br />indices. Methods: In the study, ninety Swiss, laboratory bred parasite free, albino <br />mice of both sexes were included. Ten mice served as a control non-infected, non-treated group and sacrificed at one time. The remaining 80 mice were infected <br />subcutaneously with 50 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae/mouse and classified into the <br />following groups: Group I (infected & non-treated), group II (infected & treated with <br />praziquantel), group III (infected & treated with pentoxifylline) and group IV <br />(infected & treated with a combination of praziquantel and pentoxifylline). Each <br />group was further subdivided into 2 subgroups; subgroup ‘a’ which started treatment <br />at 6<br />th<br />week post-infection (P.I.) and sacrificed at the end of 9<br />th<br />week P.I and <br />subgroup ‘b’ which started treatment at 14<br />th<br />week P.I and sacrificed at the end of 17<br />th<br />week P.I. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed by histopathological examination <br />of the liver with measurement of granuloma size, estimation of hydroxyproline content <br />in the liver, and assessment of serum levels of leptin and transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1). Results: Praziquantel (PZQ) caused significant reductions in <br />granuloma sizes and hepatic hydroxyproline content and caused non-significant <br />reductions in serum levels of leptin and transforming growth factor- ß1 at the 9<br />th<br />& <br />17<br />th<br />weeks P.I (group II). Pentoxifylline (PTX) caused significant reductions in <br />granuloma size, hepatic hydroxyproline, and serum levels of leptin and transforming <br />growth factor- ß1 at the 9<br />th<br />& 17<br />th<br />weeks P.I (group III). Combined therapy of both <br />PZQ & PTX in group IV caused more reductions in granuloma size, hepatic <br />hydroxyproline, and serum levels of leptin and TGF- ß1 at the 9th & 17th weeks P.I <br />when compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a promising <br />antifibrotic drug, acting by reducing serum TGF-ß1 and leptin levels in the <br />experimental schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. Also, the use of that antifibrotic drug in <br />combination with antischistosomal drug, praziquantel (PZQ) was more effective in <br />the control of fibrotic processes in schistosomal hepatic fibrosis.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37144.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37144_f559eff9f7784dbd356f9a1e72e382bd.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Diagnostic value of initial s-100b and neuron- specific enolase levels in diabetic patients with ischemic stroke
275
290
EN
Nagwa
Roshdy
Department of
Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Abir
Zakaria
Internal Medicine Department , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Hala
Kahla
Internal Medicine Department , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Suzan
Samy
Medical Biochemistry Department , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
10.21608/besps.2007.37162
Diabetics have a high risk of ischemic stroke. The present study aimed at evaluating<br />the diagnostic validity of immediate measurements of serum S-100B and Neuron-<br />Specific Enolase (NSE) in comparison with neurological examinations and cerebral<br />computed tomography (CT) findings in diabetic ischemic stroke patients. It also<br />aimed at determining the possible influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, either or not<br />complicated with stroke, on serum levels of S-100B and NSE. Another objective of the<br />current study was the determination of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as an<br />indicator of lipid peroxidation (LPO) to detect any possible correlation between LPO<br />and S-100B or NSE.<br />This cross sectional study included 66 subjects; 46 diabetic patients and 20 healthy<br />subjects. Participants were classified into the following groups: Group I: 25 diabetic<br />patients (type 2) with acute stroke. Group II: 21 uncomplicated controlled type 2<br />diabetic patients. Group III: 20 apparently healthy age and sex matched control<br />subjects. Serum levels of S-100B and NSE were assessed by ELIZA technique. MDA<br />levels were measured using a chemical method. Results of this work showed that the<br />mean levels of serum S-100B and NSE in diabetic patients with cerebrovascular<br />stroke were significantly higher than the corresponding mean values in<br />uncomplicated diabetic patients and in control subjects (P < 0.001). Serum S-100 B<br />levels in diabetic stroke patients showed significant positive correlation with the<br />infarct size as assessed by the CT brain ( r = 0.9816 , P < 0.001 ). Similarly, serum<br />levels of NSE correlated positively with infarct size (r = 0.9384, P < 0.001). No<br />significant correlation was observed between levels of S-100B and NSE on one hand<br />and glycemic control and duration of diabetes on the other. Also, MDA showed<br />statistically significant elevation in diabetics with stroke compared to its<br />corresponding values in uncomplicated diabetics and control groups (P < 0.001).<br />In conclusion: Serum levels of S-100B and NSE correlated with the neurological<br />clinical findings, as well as the infarct size as assessed by brain CT. So, S-100B and<br />NSE measurements immediately after admission might help to reduce serial CT scans<br />of the brain of ischemic stroke in diabetic patients. Future studies are recommended<br />to follow the S-100B and NSE serum levels after thrombolytic therapy. Elevation of<br />MDA in diabetic patients, which was significantly higher in diabetic patients<br />complicated with stroke compared to uncomplicated diabetics, might direct the<br />attention to further studies on the role of antioxidants in such patients.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37162.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37162_229b3eb21e460f5dab947b7548e26e5b.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Association between Serum Iron with Serum TNF-α, IL-6, IGF-1 and Lipids in Both Acute Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina Patients
291
316
EN
Omyma
Ahmed
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, EGYPT
Ramadan
Sayed
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, EGYPT
Osama
Ibrahiem
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, EGYPT
10.21608/besps.2007.37163
Background: Pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukine -6 and tumor necrotic factor-α) and Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) play important roles in pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina (UA). In addition, serum iron overload or iron deficiency appears to be associated with atherosclerosis and ischemic myocardial damage. The aim of this investigation is to verify the role of inflammatory process and IGF-1 in pathophysiology of AMI and UA as well as to investigate the relationship of circulating IL-6, TNF-α and IGF-1 with the levels of serum iron and lipids in those patients. Methods: IL-6, TNF-α and IGF-1 were measured by ELISA assays in 18 patients with AMI and 18 patients with UA after their hospital admission, as well as in 6 healthy control subjects. Lipid profile was assessed by measuring the serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides. Serum iron was measured by atomic absorption flame emission spectrophotometer. Results: AMI patients with low serum iron showed significant higher levels of IL-6, TNF-α, LDL-C, cholesterol level and atherogenic index and lower levels of IGF-1 and HDL-C as compared with both low serum iron UA patients and healthy controls. On the other hand, AMI patients with high serum iron revealed non-significant differences in all previous parameters except IL-6 when compared with high serum iron UA patients. There was a significant positive correlation between serum iron with the levels of IGF-1 and HDL-C, as well as a significant negative correlation with the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, TNF-α, and IL-6 in both AMI and UA patients with low serum iron. In addition, in AMI patients with high serum iron, a significant positive correlation between serum iron with IGF-1 and HDL-C and negative correlation with remaining parameters was evident. Conclusions: Both AMI and UA patients were associated with a pro-inflammatory state (increased TNF-α and IL-6), increased risky lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, atherogenic index) and decreased cardiac protective factors, such as IGF-1 and HDL-C. These findings support the role of inflammation in both patients' population as well as the protective role of IGF-1 in ischemic heart disease. In addition, low serum iron in both AMI and UA patients was associated with more proinflammatory state and less cardiac protection than normal subjects or patients with either normal or high serum iron. However, the deleterious effects of low serum iron were more in AMI than UA patients.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37163.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37163_5b6021e2ec8528d6ecde4b89f84c3b82.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Protective Role of L-Carnitine and Tocopherol Against Cold Restraint Stress Induced Gastric Lesions In Streptozotocin–Diabetic Rats
317
328
EN
Salah eldin
Elsayed
Physiology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Minia University
Saad
Elsekelly
Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Minia University
10.21608/besps.2007.37164
In the present study, the influence of cold restraint stress (CRS)-induced gastric<br />damage in diabetic rats, in relation to the antioxidative system was investigated. Male<br />albino rats were used in the study, they were divided into 5 groups: i): non stressed<br />group, ii): control CRS group, iii) diabetic CRS group (the rats of this group were<br />injected with streptozotocin (STZ) 70 mg/kg i.p. and used 4 weeks after induction of<br />diabetes with blood glucose levels of >350 mg/dl), iv): STZ L-carnitine pretreatment<br />group (STZ-induced diabetic rat of this group were given L-carnitine 500 mg/kg 30<br />min before CRS) and v): STZ-vitamine E pretreatment group (STZ-induced diabetic<br />rat of this group were given vitamin E 60 mg/kg body wt three weeks before CRS).<br />The last four groups were exposed to CRS, at the end of each experiment, gastric<br />damage was observed macroscopically. CRS induced gastric lesion, that was<br />markedly exacerbated in STZ diabetic rats, but this aggravation was significantly<br />suppressed by pretreatment with either L-carnitine or tocopherol (vitamin E)<br />pretreatments. Diabetic rat stomachs showed significantly less glutathione peroxidase<br />(GPX) activity as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) content than normal rat<br />stomachs. In addition, the deleterious influence of diabetes on the gastric ulcerogenic<br />response to CRS was significantly mitigated by decreasing lipid peroxidation by<br />pretreatment with either L-carnitine or vitamin E. These results suggest that the<br />gastric mucosa of diabetic rats is more vulnerable to cold restraint–induced injury,<br />and the mechanism may be partly accounted for by impairment of the antioxidative<br />system associated with a reduced GPX activity and GSH content. Based on these<br />data, the beneficial effects of L-carnitine and vitamin E on CRS-induced mucosal<br />injury especially in diabetics may be attributed to their antioxidative effects.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37164.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37164_d58dd5cf7f1d4420cd789fbad073b763.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Incidence of silent hepatitis b and hcv genotype among chronic hepatitis c patients
329
344
EN
Fouad
El-Debaky
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha University
Mahasen
Abdel Sattar
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha University
Adel
Al-Kholy
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha University
Ibrahim
Rageh
Department of Clinical Pathology & Hepatology,
National Liver Institute†
Hossam
Amin
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha University
10.21608/besps.2007.37170
This multi-center study was designed as a trial to explore the frequency of silent<br />hepatitis B infection among hepatitis C patients and to determine the prevalent<br />genotype of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in these patients. The study comprised 45<br />patients with post-hepatitic liver cirrhosis. All patients gave blood samples for<br />estimation of liver function tests and ELISA estimation of serum levels of hepatitis B<br />surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies; patients with HBsAg positive<br />were excluded off the study. Qualitative detection of HCV RNA and HBV DNA by<br />PCR (home-made PCR) and quantitative PCR for estimation of HCV viremia and<br />HCV genotyping by RFLP technique were performed. The HCV-Ab was detected in<br />all samples irrespective of its clinical severity class with a mean viremia level of<br />792336.7±400074.8; range: 134985-1957632 viral copy/ml as determined by<br />quantitative PCR with a non-significant difference between clinical severity classes as<br />regards viremia level. The HBV DNA was detected using qualitative PCR in 20<br />samples (44.4%); 4 class A, 7 class B and 9 class C samples with a significant<br />increase of the frequency of silent HB in patients with class B (X2=5.446, p<0.01)<br />and C (X2=8.154, p<0.001) in comparison to class A patients. Genotyping of HCV<br />reported 41 samples (91.1%) with genotype-4 and 4 samples (8.9%) with genotype-1<br />with a prevalence rate of HCV genotype-4 was 91.1%. There was positive nonsignificant<br />correlation between both HCV genotype and the presence of silent<br />hepatitis B infection and clinical severity, however, using the receiver operating<br />characteristic (ROC) curve analysis judged by the area under the curve (AUC) to<br />evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of detection of silent hepatitis B infection and<br />identification of HCV genotype as predictors of severe hepatitis showed a nonspecific<br />role for genotyping for prediction of severity with AUC=0.467, while the<br />detection of HBV DNA using PCR in patients with HCV infection is a specific<br />predictor of severity with AUC=0.617. It could be concluded that HCV genotype-4 is<br />the most prevalent type in Egyptian Hepatitis C cirrhotic patients with an incidence of<br />silent hepatitis B of 44.4% and its detection is a specific predictor of severe cirrhosis.
Hepatitis,PCR,genotype
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37170.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37170_322ea69b15cfd9e114b807f177554c88.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Biochemical Study on Some Important Markers in Human Milk
345
362
EN
Ramadan
Sayed
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University
Tahia
Seleem
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University
Thoria
Eldeeb
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University
Moustafa
Abdella
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine,
Sohag University
Aida
Mahmoud
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of
Medicine, Sohag university
10.21608/besps.2007.37173
Human milk offers the infants nutrients with high bioavailability as well as a large<br />number of bioactive components such as lactoferrin, lysozyme and xanthine oxidase<br />enzyme that confer immune and non immune protection against pathogens in the<br />infant's environment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the<br />changes that occur in the levels of lactoferrin, lysozyme and xanthine oxidase<br />enzyme in the different stages of human milk and to perform correlation between the<br />levels of these protective factors in each stage of human milk and between the level<br />of each and both the age and parity of the mothers. The present study included<br />80 women divided into 3 groups, Group I: 25 mothers provided colostrum,<br />Group II: 25 mothers provided transitional milk and Group III: 30 mothers<br />provided mature milk. The levels of lactoferrin and lysozyme and the activity of<br />xanthine oxidase enzyme were measured. Lactoferrin level and xanthine oxidase<br />enzyme activity were significantly lower in transitional milk and mature milk<br />than in colostrum (P < 0.0001) and lower in mature milk than in transitional milk<br />(P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) respectively. On the other hand, the level of lysozyme<br />was significantly lower in transitional milk than in colostrum (P < 0.01) but there<br />is no significant difference between mature milk and either transitional milk or<br />colostrum. There is no correlation between the levels of these parameters and either<br />the age or the parity of the mothers in the different stages of human milk. There<br />is significant positive correlation between lysozyme and lactoferrin in group I (r =<br />0.52, P < 0.01) and xanthine oxidase in group III (r = 0.44, P < 0.05). On the other<br />hand, there was significant negative correlation between lysozyme and lactoferrin<br />in group II (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). In conclusion, human's milk and colostrum<br />contains important bioactive and protective agents that improve the infant's health.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37173.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37173_2c1fd865d111ac13c4f78012691edad9.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Some Vasoactive Mediators in Scorpion Envenomation of Children
363
380
EN
Ramadan
Sayed
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Zeinab
Mohey
Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Abdel-Raheim
Abdel-Hafeez
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Ahmad
Nassar
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Hussein
Hussein
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
10.21608/besps.2007.37174
Scorpion envenomation in children is potentially fatal condition. Scorpion<br />envenoming cause an autonomic storm resulting in a massive release of<br />catecholamines, angiotensin II, glucagon and cortisol. As a consequance of these<br />changes, scorpion envenoming result in a syndrome of fuel energy deficits, producing<br />multi-system-organ failure and death. The objective of the present study was to<br />determine circulating levels of adrenaline, nor-adrenaline, angiotensin converting<br />enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II, kallikrein, nitric oxide (NO), aldosterone as well as<br />Na+, K+ and Ca+2 in scorpion envenomed children. The relationship between these<br />vasoactive mediators and the severity of scorpion envenomation and the outcome of<br />envenomed children would be evaluated. The present study included 40 scorpion<br />envenomed children of both sexes and their age ranged 1-13 years. According to the<br />severity of envenomation, they were divided into 2 groups, mild and severe. 10<br />apparently healthy children were considered as control group. All of them were<br />subjected to complete clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations.<br />Plasma levels of angiotensin II, adrenaline and nor-adrenaline were determined<br />using ELISA assay. Serum aldosterone level was determined using RIA method. The<br />enzyme activities of kallikrein and ACE and NO level were determined using<br />spectrophotometric assay. Serum levels of Na+ and K+ were determined by flame<br />photometer and Ca+2 by flame atomic absorption. All of these parameters were<br />assayed on admission and after 24 hours. All envenomed children showed on<br />admission significant increase in levels of angiotensin II, adrenaline and noradrenaline,<br />ACE, NO, aldosterone and Na+ in comparison with healthy control (P <<br />0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < O.00l and P < 0.001)<br />respectively. On the other hand, kallikrein activity, K+ and Ca+2 levels were<br />significantly decreased (P < O.05, P < O.00l and P < O.05) respectively. However,<br />on the second sample (after 24 hours) it was noted that the levels of ACE, angiotensin<br />II and NO were still higher than those in healthy control (P < O.05, P < O.001 and P<br />< O.05) respectively, but non significant difference was detected in kallikrein activity<br />on comparing the second sample with healthy control. In conclusion, these<br />vasoactive mediators might play an important role in pathogenesis of multi-systemorgan<br />failure and death that occur with scorpion envenomation
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37174.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37174_a650d820197fa1f7e91408acd014be99.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Perinodopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, attenuates experimental hepatic fibrosis
381
392
EN
Heba
Shawky
Department of Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Samar
Marzouk
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Eman
Obaia
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Amira
Hassouna
Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
10.21608/besps.2007.37175
Liver fibrosis is considered as a progressive pathological process involving multiple<br />cellular and molecular events that lead to deposition of excess matrix proteins in the extracellular<br />space. When that process is combined with ineffective regeneration and repair, there is increasing<br />distortion of the normal liver architecture, and the end result is cirrhosis. Emerging anti-fibrotic<br />therapies are aimed at inhibiting the accumulation of fibrogenic cells and/or preventing the<br />deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Although many therapeutic interventions are effective in<br />experimental models of liver fibrosis, the mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effect on liver<br />fibrosis remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms<br />of anti-fibrotic effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) on experimental liver<br />fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Thirty five white albino male rats of 150-200g<br />average weight were randomly divided into three groups, Group I: The control group (n = 10),<br />Group II: CCl4 injected rats without any treatment (n = 10) and Group III: CCl4 injected rats that<br />received an ACEI, perinodopril , dissolved in distilled water, 6mg/kg/day for 4 weeks (n = 15).<br />Venous blood was collected from retro orbital vein for serum separation for assessment of liver<br />functions. Liver tissue was subdivided into three portions for: pathological examination, estimation<br />of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by ELISA and<br />expression of nuclear factor- kappa beta (NF-κB) in a trial to understand the mechanism underlying<br />the anti-fibrotic effect of ACEI. Tissue TGF-β1, MMP-9 and NF-κB were significantly higher in<br />CCl4 group (group II) compared with control group (group I) and they were decreased significantly<br />with administration of ACEI with CCl4 (group III). In conclusion, ACEI attenuates the progression<br />of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 by reducing expression of NF-κB, TGF-β1, and MMP- 9.
Liver fibrosis,TGF- β1,MMP-9 and NF-κB
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37175.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37175_5ccf62bd907a04bd007c55dca821b02f.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Serum Leptin and Nitric Oxide in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
393
402
EN
Mohamed
Abd-elmoety
Department of Biochemistry,
Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University
Ismail
Mohamed
Department of Chest Diseases,
Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University
10.21608/besps.2007.37177
Unexplained weight loss is common in patients with chronic obstructive<br />pulmonary disease (COPD). Leptin not only is a critical regulator of body weight and<br />appetite, but also serves as an immune-modulator. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent<br />relaxant of bronchial and pulmonary artery and leptin has a regulatory role in its<br />synthesis. In the present study, the association of serum leptin levels with nitric oxide<br />metabolites (NO) in COPD was investigated. Methods: Serum leptin and NO levels<br />were measured in COPD patients [males (n=18) and females (n=15)] above forty<br />years old compared with control group (n=30) in the same age matched group.<br />Serum leptin levels were measured by enzyme linked immune sorbant assay (ELISA)<br />technique. NO level was measured by spectrophotometric method. Results: Serum<br />mean leptin level was significantly lower in COPD male group (9.7 ± 4.1 pg/ml) and<br />female group (11.1 ± 3.7pg/ml) than corresponding control group (male: 12.7 ±1.4<br />pg/ml and female: 15.1 ± 1.5pg/ml) ( p <0.01 in both). Also, serum nitric oxide<br />(nitrite and nitrate) in COPD male (18.4 ± 3.7μmol/L) and female group (15.9 ± 5.6<br />μmol/L) which was lower than corresponding control group (male: 21.2 ±1.9μmol/L<br />and female: 24.2 ± 2.5μmol/L) (p <0.01 in both). Conclusions: low serum leptin<br />associated with COPD is related with low BMI. Associated low nitric oxide serum<br />level may be related to the pathogenesis of COPD.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37177.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37177_5f1cc2416d395c84fc09f3098f1b80d1.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) in Salt Receiving Fat-Fed Rats is Associated with Decreased Renal Oxidative Stress and Restoration of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Expression
403
424
EN
Olfat
Shaker
Departments of Medical Biochemistry and Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
Samah
El Attar
Departments of Medical Biochemistry and Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
Laila
El Said
Departments of Medical Biochemistry and Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
Sandra
Younan
Departments of Medical Biochemistry and Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
Mary
Youssef
Departments of Medical Biochemistry and Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University.
10.21608/besps.2007.37181
Impaired renal sodium excretion has been observed in fat induced obesity and was<br />claimed to be multifactorial. Interestingly the subsequently developed hypertension<br />can respond to one drug treatment, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor<br />(ACE-I), suggesting a relationship between different causes of such impaired renal<br />sodium excretion. This study aimed to elucidate such relationship and included six<br />groups; group 1: rats fed the standard chow, group 2: moderately high fat diet<br />(MHFD) fed rats, group 3: high salt fed (HSD) rats (4% Nacl for 1 week), group 4:<br />MHFD+HSD, group 5: HSD+ACE-I and group 6: MHFD+HSD+ACE-I. It was<br />found that 10 weeks of MHFD significantly increased the obesity index in groups 2, 4<br />and 6 compared to groups 1, 3 and 5 respectively and the systolic blood pressure in<br />response to HSD in group 4 compared to group 3. Moreover MHFD led to significant<br />albuminuria with significant reduction in urinary sodium excretion. Also MHFD<br />increased significantly the renal malondialdehyde level (MDA) as an index of<br />oxidative stress and angiotensinogen (AG) gene expression with significant decrease<br />in urinary nitrites excretion and renal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)<br />expression in group 2 compared to group 1 and in group 4 compared to group 3.<br />While HSD for one week did not have an impact on these previous parameters as<br />evident by their non-significant differences between groups 3 and 1 and between<br />groups 4 and 2. However, ACE inhibition in group 6 decreased significantly its urine<br />albumin content, renal AG and MDA and significantly increased its urinary Na and<br />nitrites excretion as well as its renal nNOS compared to group 4. Also ACE-I<br />improved renal AG and nNOS in group 6 to be insignificantly different from those of<br />group 5. These previous results suggest that a link coexist between renal<br />angiotensinogen upregulation and renal oxidative stress mediated decrease in NO<br />availability. In conclusion the MHF fed rats exhibited salt sensitivity accompanied by<br />upregulation of renal angiotensinogen expression, increased oxidative stress and<br />decreased nNOS expression, all of which could contribute to salt retention and<br />hypertension.
nNOS,sodium excretion,Oxidative Stress
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37181.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37181_1e475707b6ded42cc442e95262ecfdda.pdf
Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences
1110-0842
2356-9514
27
1
2007
06
01
Therapeutic value of frankincense and myrrh In liver recovery after exposure to aflatoxin b1
425
436
EN
Taha
Kumosani
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University
Jehad
Yousif
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Girl's Collage of Education,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Omayma
Abou Zeid
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Girl's Collage of Education,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
10.21608/besps.2007.37183
Frankincense, (Gum Olibanum), and Myrrh, (Commiphora merrha), are of plant<br />resins produce by the Burseraceae family, growing in Somali, India and Yemen. They<br />were known for thousands of years as one of hoarding in the east. In order to study<br />the therapeutic value of such resins on liver recovery after exposure to aflatoxin B1, it<br />was administrated intra- peritoneal to male Wister Albino rats for 10 days, after<br />which Frankincense and Myrrh, (each one alone), were given in the form of water<br />extract to rats for 20 days. At the end of the study blood from all experimental<br />animals was analyzed for some biochemical parameters including glucose,<br />triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, hemoglobin and some<br />key liver enzymes as asparate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase<br />(ALT), gamma- glutamyl transferase (GGT). Liver tissue samples were analysed for<br />their content of total proteins, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA)<br />and in addition to histopathological examination. This study demonstrated that<br />Frankincense and Myrrh are of certain therapeutic recovery value in liver after<br />exposure to AFB1.
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37183.html
https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_37183_f1d3e2cf02d722a558d1f86f8c15e9ef.pdf