Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Effect of Resveratrol on Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and Phospho Enol Pyruvate Carboxy Kinase (PEPCK) in Streptozotocin -Induced Diabetic Rats1143594910.21608/besps.2011.35949ENSalwaEl MeligyMedical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine Tanta UniversityManalEl BatchMedical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine Tanta UniversityGhadaAbd El AlemMedical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine Tanta UniversityJournal Article20110619The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of resveratrol on dipeptidyl<br />peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) enzyme<br />activities in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats, trying to find an explanation<br />for its hypoglycemic effect. Sixty male Wistar Albino rats were included in the present<br />study and classified into three groups, group I (control,non-diabetic), group II<br />(diabetic group),group ІІІ (diabetic rats treated with resveratrol, 5 mg/kg body<br />weight/day) for 30 days. After 30 days, blood was collected for determination of;<br />serum glucose, insulin and DPP-4 enzyme activity. The liver was excised for<br />estimation of liver glycogen and PEPCK enzyme activity. Serum glucose, DPP-4<br />activity, and liver PEPCK activity were significantly increased but serum insulin<br />and liver glycogen were significantly decreased in STZ treated group, while upon<br />resveratrol treatment , they were all reversed with no significant difference between<br />group I and group III ( except for final fasting serum glucose level). Conclusion the<br />antihyperglycemic effect of resveratrol may be related to its stimulatory effect on<br />insulin ,its suppressive effect on :either DPP-4, so increases the level of incretins with<br />subsequent increase in insulin release followed by lowering blood glucose level ,or its<br />inhibitory effect on PEPCK enzyme activity and subsequent decrease in<br />gluconeogenesis, or, finally its stimulation of glucose utilization by increasing<br />glycogen formation.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35949_61a3e9e4564dddf5fe12cb1f7fb15e90.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Elevated Serum TNF – α and Decreased IL-6 levels in Iraqi Women with First Trimester Missed and Threatened Miscarriage Compared to Healthy Pregnancy15283595610.21608/besps.2011.35956ENKhitamAliClinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, El-Mostanseria University, Baghdad IraqAmanySahibClinical Biochemistry
Department, Ministry of Health, IraqJournal Article20110619Objective: To measure serum tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-<br />6(IL-6) in Iraqi women with first trimester missed and threatened miscarriage and<br />compare their levels with those of normal pregnancy. Methods: A case control study<br />was conducted from November 2009 to March 2010 at Obstetric and Gynecology<br />Department of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. Samples were<br />obtained from 62 pregnant women in the first trimester: eighteen women with<br />threatened miscarriage (group A), 22 with missed miscarriage (group B), 22<br />apparently healthy pregnant (group C) (positive controls) matched in age and body<br />mass index (BMI) and 23 non-pregnant women (group D) (negative controls). The<br />concentrations of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were determined by an enzyme<br />immunometric assay (EIA). Results: Serum TNF-α levels in group B showed a highly<br />significant increase compared to group A and D (17.68±2.90 pg/ml., 9.75±1.66<br />pg/ml. and. 4.41±1.23 pg/ml., p=0.039 and p=0.0001 respectively). A significant<br />decrease in mean serum IL-6 in group B compared to group C (3.73±0.65 pg/ml.<br />versus 6.99±1.02 pg/ml., p=0.014). No significant correlation was found between<br />serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in all subjects. Conclusion: TNF-α might play an<br />important role in the process of missed and threatened miscarriage and IL-6 may be<br />an important factor for healthy pregnancy.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35956_decb61ef4fab08b1ea67052919d67064.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Galectin-3 in Repairing Damaged Mice Liver Induced By Ccl4: Role of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress.29423595910.21608/besps.2011.35959ENTahiaSaleemDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit UnivrsityMohamedAbd EL-AzizDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Al-Azhar University
(Assiut)MonaEl-BazDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit Univrsity.TarekOkdaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Al-Azhar University
(Assiut)HekmatAbdel-AzizDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag universityJournal Article20110619Background: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) causes hepatic injury. Galectin-3 is a<br />member of the lectin family; several studies have suggested that Gal-3 could repair<br />liver damage. Objective: To estimate Gal-3 expressions in different periods after CCl4<br />administration and to explore the mechanism of repair of the injured liver by Gal-3<br />either through modulation of apoptosis or oxidative stress. Materials and methods:<br />Twenty male mice (age 6 weeks; weight 25-30 g) were divided into 4 groups of 5 mice<br />each in separate cages with free access to food and water. Group (I): Control group.<br />Groups II, III and IV administered orally CCl4 as a single dose 50% (W/W); CCl4 in<br />olive oil at 2 ml/kg of body weight and left for 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. The<br />period of repair of hepatocytes injured by CCl4 and signaling proteins intrinsic to<br />these periods were examined. Results: A 30 kDa polypeptide was detected by both<br />RT-PCR and Western blot analysis using anti-galectin-3 antibody in livers from mice<br />48 to 96 hours after administration of a single dose of CCl4 and was identified as<br />galectin-3 in hepatocytes. Levels of Gal-3 were significantly higher in liver of mice at<br />48 to 72 hour after CCl4 treatment compared to the control. Its level was reduced at<br />96 hours after CCl4 administration. Bcl-2 levels increased significantly during the<br />experimental period after administration of CCl4, where presented in low amount in<br />the control mice. Caspase-3 was detected in trace amount in control mice, increased<br />after 48 and 72 hours from administration of CCl4 and then decreased gradually at<br />96 hours. Both tissue homogenate levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation showed<br />marked increase at 48 hours as compared to controls. Their levels decreased<br />gradually at 72 and 96 hours after CCl4 administration. The tissue homogenate levels<br />of antioxidants CAT, GSH and SOD activity of all groups were significantly<br />decreased at 48 hours and then increased gradually at 72 and 96 hours after CCl4<br />administration but did not reach to normal level. Conclusion: Gal-3 plays an<br />important role in repairing the hepatocellular damage which occurred by CCl4<br />through its role as anti-apoptotic agent and against free radical generation.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35959_9c9c956bbc544d6a5168148716bc375a.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Impact of IGF-1, GH and Oxidative Stress in the Experimental Model of Juvenile and Adult Hypothyroid Retinal Degeneration43623596310.21608/besps.2011.35963ENOmymaGalalDepartment of Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptEffatAwadDepartment of Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptAmalTahaDepartment of Histology;
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptFatenMahmoudDepartment of Anatomy;
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptJournal Article20110619Background: The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in hypothyroid retinal<br />damage are still debate. Materials and methods: To study these mechanisms, ninety<br />six pubs of albino rats were equally divided into three groups, control, hypothyroid<br />model and thyroid supplement. Each group was separated into two juvenile and adult<br />subgroups that were sacrificed at day 20 and 60 postnatally respectively. Pubs in<br />hypothyroid group their mother received 0.05mg carbimazole/day/pregnant female<br />orally during gestation and 20 days of lactation in juvenile subgroup while adult<br />subgroup received the hypothyroid agent until day 60 postnatally. Thyroid<br />supplement group received antithyroid agent then treated with L-thyroxine (TH)<br />orally (10 ug/ kg body weight) for one month. Results: A significant reduction in body<br />weight, temperature, heart rate, levels of T3, T4, GH, IGF-1, and antioxidant enzymes<br />while increased systolic pressure and LP products were evident in hypothyroid<br />subgroups associated with decreased in the thickness and degeneration of retinal<br />layers. Thyroid supplementation group showed a partial normalization of the<br />measured mediators accompanied with recovery of structural changes especially in<br />juvenile subgroup. Conclusions: Thyroid H has a vital role in normal retinal growth.<br />Also, GH, IGF-1, oxidative stress are significant mediators of retinal degeneration.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35963_774a37c51b0f4dc318ea5f8a7e8f110d.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Neuroprotective Effects of Methylene Blue on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia via Anti-Cholinesterase and Anti-oxidative Activities in Adult Rat63743596610.21608/besps.2011.35966ENAhmedShehataPhysiology Department- National Organization for Drug Control and ResearchJournal Article20110619Methylene blue (MB) is currently used to treat methemoglobinemia, a blood disorder.<br />But because high concentrations of methylene blue were known to damage the brain,<br />no one thought to experiment with low concentrations. The study aimed to evaluate<br />the possible protective effect of methylene blue against scopolamine induced- amnesia<br />in adult rats. Methylene blue (2 and 5mg/kg, i.p.) was administered separately or<br />concurrently with scopolamine administration (1mg/kg, i.p). Results showed that<br />scopolamine induced amnesia in passive avoidance task, increased the catalytic<br />activity of total cholinesterase and decreased content of acetylcholine depressed the<br />level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant activity in the hippocampus<br />and brain cortex. Methylene blue dose-dependently inhibited the enzymatic activity of<br />total cholinesterase and increased the acetylcholine content, increased GSH content<br />and total antioxidant activity in the hippocampus and brain cortex. Concurrent<br />treatment of MB dose-dependently minimized both amnesic and anti-cholinergic<br />effect of scopolamine. The study indicated that MB could protect against the<br />scopolamine effects at low doses through its enhancing effect on cholinergic<br />pathways and anti-oxidative activities. Methylene blue with its neuroprotective effects<br />and could thus act as disease modifiers in patients, slowing the progression of<br />behavioral deterioration since acetylcholinesterases themselves could contribute to<br />the degenerative process.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35966_7ae3cf009160e4c4349351d7251088d3.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Atherosclerosis in Chronic Renal Failure Patients75913597010.21608/besps.2011.35970ENHosnyHassanMedical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine. Assuit UniversityMonaEL-BazMedical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine. Assuit UniversityMohammedSobhInternal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine. Assuit UniversityHossamAbo ZaidRadiology Department, Faculty of Medicine. Assuit UniversityTahaMostafaMedical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine. Assuit UniversityJournal Article20110619Background: Accelerated atherosclerosis is the major cause of mortality in patients<br />on chronic hemodialysis (HD). Inflammation, increased oxidative stress and<br />endothelial activation or dysfunction might be the major factors leading to high<br />cardiovascular mortality rate in HD patients. Also, C667T mutation of<br />methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) might be associated with accelerated<br />atherosclerosis. Aim: The present study was designed to clarify the role of<br />inflammation, oxidative stress parameters, endothelial activation or dysfunction and<br />genotyping of MTHFR enzyme which affect the level of homocysteine and their<br />relation to carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) as indicators of<br />atherosclerosis. Subjects & Methods: 44 chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients and 40<br />healthy subjects were included in the study. Serum highly sensitive C reactive protein<br />(hs-CRP) and IL-6 were measured as inflammatory markers, soluble vascular cell<br />adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) was measured as a marker of endothelial activation<br />and dysfunction. Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total nitric<br />oxide (NO), total peroxides (TP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidative<br />stress index (OSI) levels were determined as oxidative stress markers. Common<br />carotid intima media thickness (CC-IMT) was assessed by carotid artery<br />ultrasonography, genotyping of MTHFR enzyme which affect the level of<br />homocysteine was analyzed by PCR –RFLIP technique. Results: Chronic HD patients<br />had elevated levels of inflammatory markers (hs-CRP and IL-6), enhanced<br />endothelial activation or dysfunction demonstrated by elevated VCAM-1 as compared<br />by healthy controls. Also, they had enhanced oxidative stress indicated by the higher<br />levels of NO, TBARS, TP, OSI and lower levels of TAC as compared to controls.<br />Hemodialysis patients had significantly higher CC-IMT levels. There is a significant<br />positive correlation between inflammatory cytokines (hs-CRP and IL-6), and each of<br />TBARS, total NO, TP and OSI with CC-IMT Also, the previous parameters negatively<br />correlated with TAC. There is no significant difference in the genotype of C667T<br />MTHFR between patients and controls, but that mutation especially the TT genotype<br />is associated with development of atherosclerosis as indicated by the increase of CCIMT.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35970_2c7922fc6914dcdb2c90789698e5de2d.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Impact of DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms (XPD and XRCC1) on the Risk of Breast Cancer in Egyptian Female Patients911063597310.21608/besps.2011.35973ENYousryHussienDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptAmalGharibDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptHananMDDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptRehabKaramDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptWaelElsawyDepartment of Oncology,
Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20110619The genes involved in DNA repair system play a crucial role in the protection against<br />mutations .It has been hypothesized that functional deficiencies in highly conserved<br />DNA repair processes resulting from polymorphic variation may increase genetic<br />susceptibility to breast cancer. There are multiple pathways to repair the different<br />types of DNA damage and maintain genomic integrity among them is the nucleotide<br />excision repair (NER) and the base excision repair (BER) pathways. Aim & methods:<br />The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between the DNA repair<br />gene polymorphisms and breast cancer (BC) risk in Egyptian females and to analyze<br />their relation to clinico-pathological parameters of BC and also to investigate the<br />synergistic effect of both genes on BC susceptibility . Both XPD and XRCC1<br />polymorphisms were characterized in 100 BC Egyptian females and 100 healthy<br />women who had no history of any malignancy by amplification refractory mutation<br />system -polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (ARMS) method and PCR with confronting<br />two-pair primers(PCR–CTPP) , using DNA from peripheral blood in a case control<br />study. RESULTS: our results revealed that the frequencies of AA genotype of XPD<br />codon 312 polymorphism were significantly higher in the breast cancer study patients<br />than in the normal individuals(p≤0.003), and did not observe any association<br />between the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and risk of developing breast cancer<br />Also, no association between both XPD Asp312Asn and XRCC1 A399G<br />polymorphisms and the clinical characteristics of disease Finally ,the combination<br />of AA(XPD)+AG(XRCC1) were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. In<br />conclusion, the present results suggest that, XPD gene is an important candidate<br />gene for susceptibility to breast cancer. Also, gene–gene interaction between<br />XPD(AA)+XRCC1(AG) polymorphism may be associated with increased risk of<br />breast cancer in Egyptian women.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35973_f6454b96a05f6441765e1b25baa6b6b0.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Eastern Egyptian Breast Cancer Patients1071163597410.21608/besps.2011.35974ENYousryHussienDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.AmalGharibDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.HendIbrahimDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.MohamedAbdel-GhanyDepartment of General
Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptWaelElsawyDepartment of Oncology, Faculty of
Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20110619Mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) have<br />higher frequency in breast cancer cases. Three founder mutations 185delAG and<br />5382insC in BRCA1 and 6174delT in BRCA2 are frequently reported in breast cancer<br />patients from various ethnic backgrounds. The aim of the current study was to<br />evaluate the frequency of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Eastern Egyptian<br />sporadic breast cancer patients and their relatives as possible diagnostic markers.<br />One hundred women with sporadic breast cancer and one hundred healthy firstdegree<br />relatives were included in the study. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction<br />method was used to analyze the DNA prepared from peripheral blood. Data analysis<br />showed that 185delAG mutation in BRCA1 was expressed at low frequency (3%),<br />whereas the 5382insC in BRCA1 and 6174delT in BRCA2 were not detected within<br />the Eastern Egyptian population. Conclusion: The low percentage of BRCA1 and<br />BRCA2 mutations in apparently sporadic early- onset cancer and relatives suggested<br />that mutation detection is insufficient to screen Egyptian population.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35974_69ea15d4aa27ddb3e4432c55f234d7ce.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Role of Some Adipokines in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases1171343597510.21608/besps.2011.35975ENSohaZakariaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptHalaHamoudaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptSaberIsmailDepartment of Tropical Medicine ,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptWaelMayahDepartment of Tropical Medicine ,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptMahmoudKederDepartment of Tropical Medicine ,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, EgyptJournal Article20110619Background: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is<br />increasing dramatically. It is unclear why some patients develop steatohepatitis,<br />fibrosis and cirrhosis from steatosis, while others do not. A role for adipokines has<br />been claimed. Aim of the Study: Evaluation of serum levels of leptin, soluble leptin<br />receptor (sOB-R), TNF-, adiponectin and insulin resistance (IR) in cases of NAFLD,<br />and to clarify their potential role in disease progression. Subjects and Methods: The<br />study included 60 individuals, who were divided into three equal groups; group I:<br />Normal healthy volunteers (control subjects) with BMI (Kg/m2) of 25.2 ±2.6; group<br />II: Obese individuals with fatty infiltration of the liver and having normal liver<br />functions and BMI of 31.8±1.1. Group III: Obese individuals with elevated liver<br />functions and BMI of 32.7 ± 1.4. All groups were subjected to estimation of liver<br />function tests, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose level, HBsAg, HCVAb and<br />evaluation of body mass index (BMI). Serum levels of insulin, leptin, soluble leptin<br />receptor (sOB-R), TNF -, and adiponectin were measured in all groups using ELISA<br />technique. IR was estimated by homeostasis model assessment index ratio (HOMAIR).<br />Results: Serum triglycerides, insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly increased<br />in the patients’ groups, when compared to the control group. Serum levels of ALT,<br />AST, leptin and TNF- were significantly increased, while sOB-R and serum<br />adiponectin levels were significantly decreased in group III compared to groups I and<br />II. Serum leptin and TNF- levels were positively correlated with BMI and HOMA-IR<br />in groups II & III and with serum ALT and AST enzyme activity in group III, while,<br />sOB-R levels were negatively correlated with serum leptin, TNF-, BMI and HOMAIR<br />in both patients’ groups and with ALT and AST enzyme activity in group III. On<br />the contrary, serum adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with BMI and<br />HOMA-IR, serum leptin and TNF- levels in groups II & III and with both ALT and<br />AST enzyme activity in group III. Conclusion: Measurement of serum TNF-, serum<br />leptin and/or adiponectin may be helpful biochemical markers of NAFLD,<br />particularly when serum AST and ALT are within normal limits.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35975_a1cf810a34f986faf6dbe1baf2021487.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Neurophysiological Studies on the Effect of Acetone on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure in Rats1351463597610.21608/besps.2011.35976ENAhmedShehataDepartment of Physiology- National Organization for
Drug Control and ResearchJournal Article20110619Recent interest in the anticonvulsant effects of acetone has stemmed from studies<br />related to the ketogenic diet (KD). Despite knowledge of acetone's anticonvulsant<br />properties, the neurochemical basis for this effect is not well known. The present<br />study aimed to explore the neurochemical basis underlying the anticonvulsant effect<br />of acetone in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) - induced convulsions. This was achieved<br />through determining the neurochemical changes of acetone in pentylenetetrazol<br />(PTZ) – treated rats. Male adult rats received either saline, acetone (15 m mol/kg<br />i.p.), PTZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.), or acetone 3 h before PTZ injection. Result showed that the<br />maximum concentration of acetone reached about 3 h after acetone administration.<br />Thus, the animals were administered pentylentetrazole three hours after acetone<br />treatment. Pentylenetetrazole treated rats exhibited epilepsy, increased brain levels of<br />excitatory amino acids (glutamate and aspartic acids) and decreased levels of<br />inhibitory amino acid (γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine). In addition,<br />pentylenetetrazole treatment decreased total antioxidant activity and reduced<br />glutathione (GSH) in brain. Acetone pretreatment remarkably decreased seizure<br />incidence rate and increased seizure latency. Moreover, acetone significantly<br />minimized the disturbing effect of pentylenetetrazole on the redox status and the<br />balance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids. The study indicated that the<br />epilepsy might be mediated, at least partially, through the disturbance in the redox<br />status and imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the brain.<br />Moreover, the study indicated that the antiepileptic effect of acetone might be due to<br />its antioxidant effect and sustaining the balance between excitatory and inhibitory<br />amino acids. Moreover, the study might recommend the concurrent intake of<br />ketogenic diets with the conventional antiepileptic drugs. In addition, synthesizing<br />new chemical entities yielding acetone during its metabolism in the body might<br />provide new candidates as antiepileptic drugs.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35976_b172bbf53d13f12bd0764a575afaff93.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Effect of Melatonin on some Inflammatory Markers in L-arginine Induced acute Pancreatitis in Rats1471643597810.21608/besps.2011.35978ENHalaHamoudaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityAhmedAbd-AllahDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityGhadaAbd El AlemDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityOmniaEl-DeebDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityKareemaEl-DesokyDepartment of Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20110619Objective: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas resulting in<br />significant morbidity and mortality, due to distant organ failure. Melatonin exerts<br />complex physiological and pharmacological effects on multiple systems and organs.<br />Aim of the study: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of<br />melatonin pre- and post-treatment with L-arginine (L-Arg.) on some inflammatory<br />markers in acute pancreatitis in rats. Materials and methods: The present study was<br />carried out on 75 white albino rats which were randomly classified into five equal<br />groups; group I (control group); group II (L-arginine injected group); group III<br />(melatonin pre-treatment with L-arginine); group IV (melatonin post-treatment with<br />L-arginine) and group V (melatonin injected group). All groups were subjected to<br />measurements of serum amylase and lipase activities; total antioxidant capacity (TAC)<br />levels, serum and tissue TNF α levels; MPO and PON1 enzymes activities, in addition<br />to histopathological examination of all pancreatic specimens. Results: L-arginine<br />injected group showed severe necrotizing pancreatitis confirmed by histopathological<br />changes and significant elevations in serum amylase and lipase activities relative to<br />the control values. Also, significant increase of serum TAC, serum and tissue TNF-α<br />levels and MPO enzyme activity and significant decrease of PON-1 enzyme activity<br />were detected in L-arginine injected group as compared to control group. In<br />melatonin injected groups, either pre- or post- treatment with L-arginine, serum<br />amylase and lipase activities and both serum and tissue TNF-α levels, MPO activity<br />were significantly decreased in both groups with significantly lower levels in rats<br />given melatonin pre- treatment with L-arginine. Also, significant increase of both<br />serum and tissue PON-1 were found in both groups. Conclusion: These data might<br />confirm the protective effect of melatonin as an antioxidant in acute pancreatitis.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35978_d0c581b6a8bb23c64968ac3467ed4b29.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201A Study of Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression and their Relation with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy1651783597910.21608/besps.2011.35979ENEmanBadrMedical Biochemistry Department,
Faculty of Medicine – Minoufiya UniversityManalSafanMedical Biochemistry Department,
Faculty of Medicine – Minoufiya UniversityMahmoudHadhoudOrthopedic Surgery Department,
Faculty of Medicine – Minoufiya UniversityJournal Article20110619Object: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a common disease of multifactorial origin<br />in which neural and vascular processes contribute to the final neurological damage.<br />Apolipoprotein (Apo) E is a multifunctional protein with central roles in lipid<br />metabolism and neurobiology. The aim of present study is to determine the possible<br />relationship of polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene with occurrence of<br />cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) in spinal cord compression patients.<br />Methods: The present study was carried out on 60 consecutive patients (34 men, 26<br />women), with spinal cord compression who underwent anterior microsurgical<br />decompression. The studied subjects were classified into two groups: Group (I): It<br />included 32 patients with chronic spinal cord compression without cervical<br />spondylotic myelopathy (18 males and 14 females), Group (II): It included 28<br />patients with chronic spinal cord compression with cervical spondylotic myelopathy<br />(16 males and 12 females). Neurological deficits were classified according to the<br />modified Japanese Orthopedic Association Scale. All studied persons were subjected<br />to full history taking, general clinical examination, MRI and laboratory investigations<br />including ApoE genotyping which was carried out by isolation of DNA from venous<br />blood samples. The APOE genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction<br />followed by restriction enzyme digestion (PCR-RFLP) analysis followed by agarose<br />gel electrophoresis of digested fragments. Results: The results of the present study<br />showed a significant increase in group II when compared to group I as regarding the<br />age (P<0.05), duration of symptoms (P<0.001), number of affected segment<br />s(P<0.001) and a significant decrease in the diameter of spinal canal (P< 0.001),<br />whereas no significant difference regarding gender. On comparing the two studied<br />groups a significant difference was found as regards apolipoprotein E genotype<br />distribution with increased frequency of the E4 genotype in group II, the E4 allele<br />was significantly increased in patients with CSM when compared with the other<br />group without CSM, whereas no significant differences in the distribution of E2 and<br />E3 alleles. The odds ratio for E4 allele was 3.2 (95% CI: 1.3-9.8). Multiple regression<br />analysis revealed that duration of symptoms, number of affected segments and<br />diameter of spinal canal are independent risk factors for CSM. Conclusions: It could<br />be concluded that E4 polymorphism of the ApoE gene is associated with the<br />susceptibility to CSM in spinal cord compression and that, longer duration of<br />symptoms, smaller diameter of spinal canal and more number of affected segments
are risk factors for such complication. The presence of the ApoE E4 allele is an<br />independent predictor for presence of CSM. Further studies are needed to evaluate<br />the type of ApoE polymorphism in patient with improvement or no improvement after<br />surgery.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35979_1b8cbdc92cf9d0f09dfb54b937153e8a.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Surfactant Protein D and C-Reactive Protein as serum biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1791943598010.21608/besps.2011.35980ENSamiaMostafaMedical Biochemistry Department,
Cairo and Beni Sweif UniversityEmanObaiaMedical Biochemistry Department,
Cairo and Beni Sweif UniversityGhadaAbd El AzizMedical Biochemistry Department,
Cairo and Beni Sweif UniversityMarwaFathiMedical Biochemistry Department,
Cairo and Beni Sweif UniversityNabilaLazChest Department,
Cairo and Beni Sweif UniversityJournal Article20110619Introduction: With the growing awareness of COPD as a systemic disease, there has<br />been a shift in the focus of biomarker discovery away from lung sources and toward<br />blood specimens. Aim of Work: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the<br />utility of serum SP-D compared to serum CRP as biomarkers in tracking disease<br />progression of COPD and to assess the effect of smoking and inhaled steroid on their<br />levels. Subjects and Methods: Seventy subjects were enrolled in this study divided<br />into 2 main groups: healthy control group (30 subjects) and COPD patients' group<br />(40 subjects).Serum SP-D and serum CRP were measured using enzyme linked<br />immunsorpent assay method (ELISA). Results: revealed that COPD is associated<br />with significant higher levels of both serum SP-D and CRP, while smoking is<br />associated with significant higher levels of SP-D only. On the other hand, inhaled<br />steroid is associated with significant lower serum levels of both SP-D and CRP. In<br />addition, serum SP-D levels correlate positively with the severity of COPD disease<br />while CRP levels showed no significant correlation with severity of the disease.<br />Conclusion: These results empower the sensitivity of both markers in diagnosis of<br />COPD and in following the response of the patients to steroid therapy. On the other<br />hand, results suggest that SP-D is more accurate than CRP as serum biomarker in<br />tracking disease progression of COPD patients.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35980_f0489c5d3c14a6a9b5eca2b2b0222dc9.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Oxidative Stress Increases Activin A Secretion in Pregnancy Hypertensive States1952103598110.21608/besps.2011.35981ENDawlatSalemDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Cairo UniversityEmanObaiaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Cairo UniversityGhadaAbd El AzizDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Beni Suef UniversityEmanEl AbedeenDepartment of Gynaecology and Obstetric, Beni Suef UniversityJournal Article20110619Introduction: Activin A is a glycoprotein hormone produced by many tissues. During<br />normal pregnancy the fetoplacental unit is the main source of activin A with the<br />placenta producing the majority of secreted activin A. Oxidative stress may be the<br />underlying mechanism for increased placental activin A production in preeclampsia.<br />Aim of Work: To evaluate the levels of activin A and malondialdehyde (MDA) in<br />pregnancy hypertensive states and to explore whether circulating levels of activin A<br />are correlated to MDA levels (marker of oxidative stress). Subjects and Methods:<br />The study included 75 pregnant women divided into three groups: 25 pregnant<br />women with normal blood pressure (group1 as control), 25 pregnant women with<br />pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) (groupII) and 25 pregnant women with<br />preeclampsia (groupIII). Serm levels of activin A and malondialdehyde (MDA) were<br />measured by ELISA and by colorimetric methods respectively. Results: Serum levels<br />of activin A and malondialdehyde were higher in patients with preeclampsia than in<br />patients with pregnancy induced hypertension and that of control group. There was a<br />highly significant correlation between serum levels of activin A and each of<br />malondialdehyde and blood pressure in preeclampsia group and PIH group.<br />Conclusion: Serum levels of activin A might be used as a marker that reflects the<br />severity of pregnancy hypertensive states. Oxidative stress might be the mechanism of<br />increased secretion of activin A.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35981_6191e1980bd46237f1d2ca0e856662c5.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Impact of Insulin - Induced Hypoglycemia on some Plasma Markers of Skeletal Muscles and Heart Damage in Adult Male Rats: Relation to Oxidative Stress and Plasma Epinephrine2112243598310.21608/besps.2011.35983ENManalKamalDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,
Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptAsmaaHassanDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,
Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20110619Objective: Hypoglycemic damage to the central nervous system is well known<br />complication of insulin therapy. Little is known about the effect of insulin induced<br />hypoglycemia on peripheral tissues as skeletal muscles and heart. In the present<br />study the effect of acute and recurrent insulin- induced hypoglycemia on plasma<br />creatine kinase (CK) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); markers of skeletal muscles<br />and heart damage was studied. Oxidative stress in those tissues and plasma<br />epinephrine levels after hypoglycemia were also evaluated to elucidate the<br />mechanism of hypoglycemic effect on those tissues. Methods: The study consisted of<br />50 adult male rats divided into three groups: (1) Control group. (2) Acute insulininduced<br />hypoglycemia group (AHG): injected with human insulin (humulin)<br />intraperitoneal (ip) in a dose of 10 U/kg, food was then withheld for 6 hours. (3)<br />Recurrent insulin-induced hypoglycemia group (RHG): received recurrent ip<br />injection with 10 U/kg humulin once per day for three consecutive days, food is given<br />after 2 hours and in the fourth day they received the same dose of insulin, then food<br />was withheld for 6 hours. Blood glucose was measured before and 30, 60, 90 and 120<br />min after the injection. Plasma levels of CK, LDH were estimated before and 6 hours<br />after the injection. Epinephrine levels were measured before and 90 min after the<br />injection. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation 6 h after the injection for<br />measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in<br />skeletal muscle and heart tissue homogenate. Results: it was found that acute and<br />recurrent insulin induced hypoglycemia caused elevated levels of plasma CK, LDH,<br />increase lipid peroxidations (MDA) together with decrease in T-AOC in skeletal<br />muscle and heart tissue homogenate. The plasma epinephrine levels in response to<br />hypoglycemia were significantly more in AHG group and RHG group at day 1 than<br />control. It was also demonstrated that recurrent insulin induced hypoglycemia<br />resulted in more increase in the levels of plasma CK, LDH and MDA with more<br />decrease in T-AOC and blood glucose levels compared to acute insulin hypoglycemia<br />rats. There was also revealed lower epinephrine levels in response to recurrent<br />hypoglycemia at day 4 compared to control.<br />Conclusions: our findings indicate that acute and recurrent insulin induced<br />hypoglycemia caused skeletal muscle and heart damage. This damage may be<br />attributed to increased oxidative stress revealed in those tissues. This damaging effect
is more following recurrent hypoglycemia which may be related to the lower<br />epinephrine levels in response to recurrent hypoglycemia detected in this group. That<br />resulted in more decrease in blood glucose and therefore more damaging effects to<br />those tissues.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35983_4a3e4e155f6bdc3388778669106784e3.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Role of Oxytocin in Deceleration of Early Atherosclerotic Inflammatory Processes in Adult Male Rats2252383598410.21608/besps.2011.35984ENMarwaAhmedDepartment of Physiology ,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptGehanELosailyDepartment of Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptJournal Article20110619Objective: The study aimed to examine the effect of exogenous OT administration on<br />the inflammation and atherosclerosis in adult male rats and its possible mechanisms.<br />Thirty adult male rats equally divided into three groups .Control group fed regular<br />diet; group II fed control diet supplemented with L-methionine for 10 weeks. Group<br />III received L-methionine and oxytocin treatment for 10 weeks. RT-PCR analysis<br />showed that OT administration increased oxytocin receptor mRNA (2 fold, P,0.05).<br />Blood samples were evaluated for total homocysteine, interlukin-6(IL-6),monocyte<br />chemoatrratant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) by ELIZA. lipid<br />profile, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH)<br />were determined. Specimens from aorta were processed for immunohistochemical<br />staining for Aorta nuclear factor _B (NF-_κB) p65 protein. Result showed that OT<br />administration to group III decreased the plasma levels IL-6, MCP-1and CRP levels<br />which were elevated in group II. Moreover, there was decrease of the oxidative stress<br />of group III in terms of increased plasma levels of NO and GSH and decreased<br />plasma levels of MDA in blood. In addition, rats of group II showed histological<br />abnormalities manifested by thickening and ulceration of the aortic wall. Marked<br />increased expression of NF-_κB in aorta of in group II was detected. However, OT<br />administration restores the histological structure of the aorta and decreased the<br />expression of NF-_κB in aorta of group III similar to the control group.<br />Conclusion: OT has anti inflammatory pathway in atherosclerosis as it decelerates<br />atherosclerosis by decreasing the proinflammatory responses through many<br />mechanisms, mainly the up regulation of its receptors.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35984_92b753b3e2c11f73d25dc399bbded0af.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201A study on the effect of Chromium Administration on the Altered Urinary Bladder Reactivity in Experimentally-induced Diabetic Rats2392603598510.21608/besps.2011.35985ENM.BendaryPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minoufiya University EgyptJournal Article20110619Diabetic-induced urinary bladder dysfunction (diabetic cystopathy) is among the<br />most common complications of chronic uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. This<br />cystopathy, involves altered urinary bladder contractility and reactivity, is suggested<br />to be due to the oxidative stress encountered in diabetes. Chromium, an antioxidant<br />micronutrient, is proposed nowadays as an adjuvant in some diabetic complications.<br />Accordingly, this study was designed to evaluate the possible role of oral chromium<br />administration on the altered urinary bladder reactivity in experimentally-induced<br />diabetic rats. In the present study, 36 adult male albino rats, weighing 150-180 gm<br />each, were used. They were divided into 6 equal groups. Group1 (Control group),<br />Group2 (Cr-treated control group), Group3 (untreated diabetic group), Group4<br />(Insulin-treated diabetic group), Group5 (Cr-treated diabetic group) and Group6<br />(Concomitantly insulin & Cr-treated diabetic group). Fasting serum glucose, serum<br />insulin, homeostatic model assessment to detect insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index),<br />lipid profile, urinary bladder tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) (a tissue marker of<br />oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation) and glutathione (GSH) (as an index of the<br />tissue antioxidant enzyme defense activity) were measured. In addition, the total body<br />weight, urinary bladder weight and the reactivity of isolated urinary bladder strips to<br />carbachol (Cch) were determined. The untreated diabetic group exhibited significant<br />increase of the serum glucose, HOMA-IR index, lipid profile, bladder tissue MDA and<br />urinary bladder weight, (p<0.05) together with a significant decrease (p<0.05)of<br />serum insulin, total body weight and bladder tissue GSH level. In addition, the<br />contractile response of the isolated urinary bladder strips to Cch was significantly<br />higher in untreated diabetic rats relative to the other tested groups, (p<0.05).<br />Interestingly, when the diabetic rats were treated with subtherapeutic doses of insulin<br />alone or oral chromium alone, a significant improvement (p<0.05) of all the altered<br />parameters was obtained. However, when the diabetic rats were administered<br />concomitantly with insulin & chromium, a highly significant improvement (p<0.001)<br />of the deteriorated parameters that have been returned nearly close to the control<br />level. In conclusion, oral chromium administration has a beneficial effect in<br />ameliorating the changes in the urinary bladder reactivity in experimentally-induced<br />diabetic rats, probably through its antioxidant effect and its ability in increasing<br />insulin sensitivity.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35985_3822a4c2e2556e57a574b96d194e4b3f.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Molecular Detection of Mutated Factor V (Leiden) and Factor XIII in Ischemic Heart Disease2612703598710.21608/besps.2011.35987ENOlfatShakerBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityAhmedEl-DemeryBiochemistry Department,
Faculty of Medicine, October 6 UniversityMohamedEl NemrInternal Medicine Department,
Faculty of Medicine, October 6 UniversityAhmedDesokyPhysiology Department,
Faculty of Medicine, October 6 UniversityJournal Article20110619The present work was performed to evaluate the incidence of gene mutation affecting<br />factor V Leiden (FVL) &factor XIII in cases of myocardial ischemia. Thirty cases of<br />myocardial ischemia as well as ten age and sex matched healthy subjects were<br />included in the study. DNA was extracted from blood samples drawn from all subjects<br />included in the study and was subjected to PCR amplification for factors V (Leiden)<br />and factor XIII genes, using biotinylated specific primers. The PCR products were<br />hybridized using strip containing immobilized allele-specific oligonucliotide probe.<br />The products of hybridization were visualized using striptavidin-alkaline pH and<br />color substrate. LDL-c was significantly higher in heterozygous factor V leiden The<br />results of the study showed that heterozygous mutations involving factor V Leiden<br />cases were in a positive correlation with LDL-c results and homozygous mutations<br />involving factor XIII cases showed a positive correlation with AST changes. These<br />results gave an idea about the mutational changes involving factors V Leiden and<br />XIII and may be considered as risk factors for the incidence of myocardial infarction.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35987_9a20f5f85c9af59c77713e7799f1002c.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Leptin in Obesity-associated Hypertension in Middle-aged Egyptian Women2712843598810.21608/besps.2011.35988ENMohamedAbdel-HafezDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityHananAhmedDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityHebatallahMostafaDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversitySamarMarzoukDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityMarwaAhmedDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20110619Obesity is a world-wide health problem, whose incidence and prevalence are rising<br />steadily; it may be combined with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia,<br />atherosclerosis, and/or chronic renal failure. Among these, hypertension has been<br />observed in roughly 50% of obese individuals, which has led researchers to consider<br />obesity as one of the most common causes of hypertension. The mechanisms linking<br />obesity to hypertension have not been fully cleared. The present study aimed to clarify<br />the interaction of leptin, soluble leptin receptors and the atrial natriuretic peptide in<br />obese hypertensive patients. The study was performed on seventy five female subjects<br />who were classified into three groups: group I (n=15) healthy lean controls, group II<br />(n=30) obese normotensive patients, and group III (n=30) obese hypertensive<br />patients. All participants were subjected to a thorough clinical assessment, and<br />estimation of serum levels of glucose, creatinine, urea, cholesterol, leptin, soluble<br />leptin receptors (sLR), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The serum levels of leptin<br />and ANP were significantly higher in obese hypertensive and obese normotensive<br />patients than in the controls, also, these levels were significantly higher in obese<br />hypertensive patients when compared to obese normotensive patients. The serum sLR<br />level in obese hypertensive and obese normotensive patients was significantly lower<br />than in the controls, while its level in obese hypertensive patients was significantly<br />lower than in obese normotensive patients. In the whole studied groups, the serum<br />leptin and ANP levels were positively correlated, significantly, with BMI, diastolic<br />blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure, but their levels were negatively<br />correlated significantly with sLR. The serum sLR level was, significantly, negatively<br />correlated with BMI, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, leptin and<br />ANP.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35988_d71c4e60701b65f20f32ef17731775cb.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084231120111201Urotensin II in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis in Cholesterol Fed Rats2852963599010.21608/besps.2011.35990ENNahidTahoonDepartment of Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine-Tanta UniversityDoaaZineldeenDepartment of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine-Tanta UniversityKarimaEl-DesukyDepartment of Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine-Tanta UniversityJournal Article20110619Background: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of ischemic heart diseases.<br />Urotensin II is the most potent vasoactive peptide discovered to date with potency<br />that overcomes that of angiotensin II, endothelin-1, serotonin and thromboxan A2.<br />Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of exogenous urotensin II in the<br />pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the effect of blocking the endogenous urotensin<br />II. Material and Methods: 32 male wistar rat were divided into 2 groups, normal<br />control group (8 rats) and cholesterol rich diet group (24 rats).The latter is furtherly<br />subdivided into vehicle, urotensin II and palosuran groups (each is 8 rats). In all<br />these groups lipid profile, some inflammatory and atherosclerotic markers were<br />measured. Histopathological examination of tissue samples from aorta and<br />coronaries for atheromatous changes was also done in all groups. Results: Urotensin<br />II produced significant hyperlipidemia, increased CRP and SVACM-1 and decreased<br />NO. Foam cells and VSMC proliferation were evident histopathological findings. The<br />effect of urotensin II was partially reversed by palosuran. Conclusion: urotensin II is<br />an important mediator in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic<br />model. Urotensin receptor blocker may be considered as an important therapeutic<br />target in atherosclerosis.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_35990_5c704dc61cab04aa4ddc3772cab5e575.pdf