Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Uterine Reactivity During The Estrous Cycle Phase of Experimentally-Induced Hyperurecemic Rats1481593479010.21608/besps.2014.34790ENHebaSalemMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia UniversitySuzyEwidaMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia UniversitySallyDoniaMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofia UniversityJournal Article20140501<span>Hyperuricemia is considered as an important risk factor of miscarriage and prematurity. This study aims to demonstrate if there is a direct effect of hyperuricemia on the spontaneous uterine contractions or uterine reactivity. Hyperuricemia was induced by 4 weeks of daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of oxonic acid potassium salt (250mg/kg) in a group of 10 rats. Another group (10 rats) received oxonic acid potassium salt and allopurinol (150 mg/L drinking water) daily for 4 weeks. A control group (10 rats) was injected daily by 0.9% saline solution i.p. for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, systolic blood pressure was measured and serum uric acid (UA), serum urea, serum creatinine, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were estimated. The uterine horns were taken for recording their reactivity to oxytocin and Ach. The data showed that hyperuricemia significantly increased serum UA, plasma MDA and systolic blood pressure and significantly decrease SOD activity, but insignificantly changed serum urea and creatinine and unexpectedly insignificantly changed the spontaneous uterine contractions and uterine reactivity to either of acetylcholine or oxytocin. Allopurinol treatment significantly decreased serum UA, plasma MDA and systolic blood pressure but insignificantly changed serum urea & creatinine, SOD activity, spontaneous uterine contractions and the uterine reactivity to either of Ach or oxytocin</span>Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Effect of Moderate and Severe Swimming Exercise on Hepatic Injury and Apoptosis Induced by Renal Ischemia Reperfusion in Male Albino Rats1601753478910.21608/besps.2014.34789ENMervatEl-SakaPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityNerminMadiPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityGhadaAbou FardPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20140619<span>Objective: to investigate the effects of moderate and severe exercise on hepatic injury induced by renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) in male albino rats. Methods: 40 male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (10 rats each): sedentary sham-operated-control, sedentary renal IR group, moderate exercise-IR group and severe exercise-IR group. In the last two groups, swimming exercise protocol performed for 6 weeks, then rats were subjected to renal IR. At the end of experiment, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and liver levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), caspase-3 activity and TNF-α were assessed. Results: renal IR caused non-significant increase in the levels of ALT and AST with significant increase in hepatic MDA and TNF-α levels, while SOD and GSH levels showed significant decrease. CAT and caspase-3 showed insignificant change in IR group compared to sham group. Moderate exercise prior to renal IR showed insignificant decrease in ALT and AST levels, significant decrease in hepatic MDA and TNF-α levels, significant increase in hepatic SOD, GSH and CAT and non-significant change in caspase-3 compared to renal IR sedentary group. On the other hand, severe exercise prior to renal IR showed significant increase in ALT and AST levels, also hepatic MDA and TNF-α levels were significantly increased, while, hepatic SOD and GSH levels significantly decreased as compared to renal IR sedentary group, CAT levels insignificantly increased as compared to renal IR sedentary group. Caspase-3 insignificantly increased as compared to renal IR sedentary group but showed significant increase when compared to sham control group. Conclusions: Moderate exercise swimming ameliorates hepatic injury induced by renal IR by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. While, severe exercise deteriorates the hepatic injury induced by renal IR by increasing the oxidative stress</span>Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Effect of Erythropoietin on Some aspects of Carbohydrate and Lipid metabolism in Obese and diabetic rats1761863479110.21608/besps.2014.34791ENRizkEL KholyPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityGhadaAbo FardPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityAbeerAbo ZeidPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityMarwaAwadPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20140812<span>Objectives : To study effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on some aspects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese and diabetic rats. Material and methods. This study was carried on (50) albino female rats; divided into 5 groups, each consisted of 10 rats: Control, obese, diabetic, erythropoietin treated obese group (after induction of obesity it was injected by erythropoietin 600u/kg I.P. once daily every other day for 5 weeks) and erythropoietin treated diabetic group (after induction of diabetes it was treated as previous group). At the end of experimental period serum samples were collected for estimation of: fasting serum glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA IR), insulin sensitivity (HOMA S%), serum LDL, serum HDL, serum triglyceride (TG), serum cholesterol, glycosylated Hb% and measurement of body mass Index (BMI) Results: Erythropoietin treated obese group showed significant decrease in fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA IR, serum LDL, TG, cholesterol and BMI. While, serum HDL and HOMA S% were significantly increased when these results were compared to obese group. Erythropoietin treated diabetic group produced insignificant change in all studied parameters with exception of significant decrease in fasting glucose, TG and glycosylated Hb% when these results compared to diabetic group. Conclusion: EPO can be considered as adjunct anti-diabetic/obesity drug to reduce blood glucose, hypolipidemic effect and attenuate weight gain.</span>Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Protective effect of Thymoquinone and vitamin E on unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion in rats1871993479210.21608/besps.2014.34792ENElhussainyElhussainyDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, EgyptJournal Article20140612Aim: this work was designed to investigate the effects of Thymoquinone and vitamin E pretreatment after 2 h of unilateral testicular torsion and their possible mechanism of action. Methods: the present study was performed on fifty male albino rats which were divided into five groups. Thymoquinone treated torsion/detorsion group, received pretreatment with Thymoquinone 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally 30 minutes before detorsion. Vitamin E treated torsion/detorsion group); received pretreatment with vit.E 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally 30 minutes before detorsion. Combined Thymoquinone and vit.E treated torsion/detorsion group received pretreatment in a dose of 100 mg/kg for each intraperitoneally 30 minutes before detorsion. Results: thymoquinone and vitamin E pretreatment caused significant decrease of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and significant increase in reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels compared with untreated torsion/detorsion group. They improved testicular structures as they caused significant decrease in congestion, edema, and damage of seminiferous tubules in the ipsilateral and contralateral testis histologically when compared with torsion/detorsion group. Conclusion: the results suggest that early administration of Thymoquinone and vitamin E might have a protective effect for preventing testicular injury caused by testicular torsion probably through their antioxidant effectsEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Role of Berberine in Diabetic Adult Male Rats2002193479310.21608/besps.2014.34793ENNashwaAbd El-MottalebMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptHodaAbd-ElhadyPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut), EgyptKhalidHassaninPathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptAliKhaleelPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut), EgyptEmtethalMostafaMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptJournal Article20140813Aim: To assess the effect of berberine (BBR) on blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, oxidative stress and kidney functions in diabetic adult male rats and detect its mechanism(s) of action. Methods: Eighty adult male rats were divided into ten groups. Three experiments were carried out. Experiment I included control group, diabetic control and BBR treated groups (300 mg/kg/day) orally for 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The glucose level, insulin, lipid profile, MDA, TAC, urea and creatinine were measured. Samples from pancreas, liver and kidney were histologically examined. Experiment II: BBR effect after pretreatment with 10% glucose to tongue on vagal nerve activity was recorded. Experiment III: The vagal and sympathetic nerve activity of BBR after administration of atropine, reserpine and propranolol were investigated. Results: Berberine led to significantly decreased glucose level, TC, TG, LDL, MDA, urea and creatinine and significantly increased insulin, HDL and TAC levels after 2 and 4 weeks compared to diabetic control. The histological results confirmed the blood results. Berberine after 10% glucose on the tongue significantly decreased the rate of vagal nerve activity when compared with control and 10% glucose alone. Berberine significantly increased the rate of vagal and sympathetic nerve activity but this rate decreased significantly in pre-treated rats with atropine, prazocine and propranolol when compared to berberine level. Conclusion: Berberine may have antidiabetic effect. Berberine may exert its action on glucose level through inhibition of sweet taste receptors. It can act by activation of the cholinergic receptor, α and β adrenoceptorsEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201The effect of vitamin E on lead induced gonadal dysfunctions in adult Wistar Albino rats2202363479410.21608/besps.2014.34794ENEnasHamedDepartment of Medical Physiology,Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, EygptHayamSayyedDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, EygptAmalAbo-El GaitDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, EygptHebaGalalDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, EygptJournal Article20140501Background: Lead exposure can cause adverse effects on the reproductive system. This study aimed to evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of vitamin E on lead-induced pituitary and gonadal dysfunctions and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Material and methods: 104 Albino Wistar adult rats were divided into four groups: group I: 12 rats received vehicle of lead and 12 rats received vehicle of vitamin E; Group II: 40 rats subdivided into 2 subgroups: Group IIa: 20 rats injected with lead acetate (10 mg/kg/day 5 times/week, i.p. for 6 weeks) and Group IIb: 20 rats injected with lead as previous then stopped for 6 weeks; Group III: 20 rats injected with lead acetate as previous followed by oral administration of vitamin E (50 mg/kg/day 5 times/week); Group IV: 20 rats received vitamin E simultaneously with lead acetate as previous. At the end of the experiment the animals were scarified and blood samples were collected for measurement of gonadotrophic, gonadal hormones, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and caspase 3 by ELISA kits. The pituitary gland, testes, and ovaries were processed for histopathological examination. Results: Lead administration significantly decreased the plasma levels of gonadotrophic, and gonadal hormones, and TAC but significantly increased the plasma levels of MAD and caspase 3. Meanwhile, vitamin E administration with or after lead exposure significantly increased gonadotrophic, gonadal hormones and TAC and markedly decreased MAD and caspase 3. Conclusion: Vitamin E has protective and therapeutic effects on lead-induced gonadal dysfunction. This effect mediated by inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Effect Of Melatonin In A Rat Model Of Allergic Lung Inflammation2372483479710.21608/besps.2014.34797ENMarwaAhmedMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.KhaledHassaneinPathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, EgyptJournal Article20140501Aims: Asthma is an inflammatory lung disease characterized by bronchoconstriction and hyper responsiveness. Immuno stimulatory effects of melatonin have been reported. In this study, we investigated the impact of melatonin administration on allergic airway inflammation in a rat model. Methods: Forty five adult Wistar albino rats were equally divided into three groups: group I served as control; group II: rats sensitized to ovalbumin and challenged intranasally with ovalbumin to induce an allergic inflammatory response and group III, rats were sensitized and treated with intraperitoneally melatonin. The serum levels of IgE, IgG1 and ova-specific IgG were measured by ELISA. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, 1L-10 were measured. IL-10 expression was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological examination of the lung tissues using H&E stain were done. Results: Melatonin administration inhibited allergen-induced lung eosinophilic infiltration and improved the pathological lesions of the lungs. It significantly decreased total serum IgE, IgG1 and OVA-specific IgG1 along with BALF levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13. Melatonin increased BALF levels of IL-10 and its mRNA expression. Conclusion: Melatonin administration exhibited a significant reduction in all the markers of allergic inflammation. The data suggests that inhibition of T-cell response and up regulation of IL-10 may be responsible for immunomodulatory effect of melatonin in the rat model of allergic airway inflammation.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201The Role of Fasudil and Ang (1-7) in PAN Induced Nephropathy in rats2482643479510.21608/besps.2014.34795ENRehabAbo El GheitMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityMarwaEmamMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20140917Background/Aim: : Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a potentially life-threatening state characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema. The underlying pathological mechanisms are diverse and have not been fully elucidated. Several molecular processes have been implicated in its pathophysiology including the Rho-GTPases and renin-angiotensin (RAS) systems. We evaluated whether ROCK inhibition , through fasudil and RAS interfering through Mas agonist, AVE 0991 could have renoprotective effect, and whether it is comparable to well settled renoprotection of type-1 angiotensin II (AT1) receptor blocker, Losartan in Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephropathy rat model.<br />Materials & methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups (10 rats each), control (received 0.9 % NaCl). PAN- nephrotic (PAN – injected rats received 0.9 % NaCl), Fasudil treated PAN ( 30 mg/kg /d), Losartan treated PAN (10 mg/kg/ d ) and AVE 0991 treated PAN (3 mg/kg /d) group. All treated groups received treatment orally, from day 7 to day 14 of PAN injection.<br />RESULTS: PAN injection induced marked renal dysfunction indicated by significant (P<0.05) proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, reduction in creatinine clearance and elevated serum creatinine associated with significant hyperlipidemia and increase in Tumor necrosis factor –α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (C-RP) and urinary transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF-β1). Treated groups with either fasudil or AVE0991, presented with significant improvement in kidney functions and lipid profile with parallel significant reduction in inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines that was similar to the renoprotection observed with Losartan. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that (RAS) and Rho-kinase pathways are involved in renal damage of NS, and their intervention could provide renoprotection and represent a novel therapy for NS.<br /> Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Functional and structural study on the effect of curcumin on folic acid, induced acute kidney injury in albino rats2652763479610.21608/besps.2014.34796ENGhadaMahmoudMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptAymanAmerAnatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptDaliaGamalMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, EgyptJournal Article20141016 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Objective. Systemic administration of folic acid (FA) in rats was used for studying the pathogenesis associated with acute renal damage. However, the mechanism by which FA induces renal damage remains poorly understood. Up to our knowledge, no effective preventive or therapeutic drugs have been developed to protect against acute kidney injury. Curcumin (CUR) is commonly used worldwide as a spice and has been demonstrated to possess various biological activities. The present study was planned to investigate the effect of folic acid administration on renal function, inflammatory cytokines and associated histological as well as ultrastructural changes in renal tissue. In addition, we examined the possible protective effect of curcumin on a rat model of folic acid (FA)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods. Rats were divided into 3 groups; (FA) folic acid treated group rats were exposed to FA (250 mg/kg) i.p. injection as a single dose. (FA+CUR) folic acid plus curcumin treatment group rats were given curcumin (200 mg/kg) orally administered by gavage daily for 11 days prior to folic acid (250 mg/kg) i.p injection and the last dose of curcumin was given one day after folic acid injection. Control group are given distilled water orally by gavage daily for 12 days and saline i.p. as a single dose on the 11th day. Animals were scarified one day following i.p. injection in all groups. Deterioration of kidney function was detected by blood urea and creatinine levels. Inflammatory response was monitored with blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Results. We found that FA treatment significantly raised blood urea, creatinine, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α levels and caused marked structural changes of the kidney. CUR treatment for 12 days significantly reduced blood urea, IL-6, IL-10, TNF- α, and protected partially against renal structural damage. Conclusion. These findings suggest that curcumin is a promising protective agent against AKI induced by FA.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Effect Of L-Citrulline And Ranitidine On Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer In Male Albino Wister Rats2772923479810.21608/besps.2014.34798ENMervatEl-SakaPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityAbeerAbo ZeidPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityGhadaAbou FardPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20140501Aim: to investigate the effect of L-citrulline and ranitidine (RAN) on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in male albino Wister rats. Methods: 50 male albino Wister rats were divided into 5 groups (10rats each): control received normal saline, indomethacin (IND) group; in which gastric ulceration was induced by a single dose of IND (30mg/kg) intragastrically, IND+RAN group; pretreated with RAN (50mg/kg) intragastrically, IND+ L-citrulline group; pretreated with L-citrulline (900mg/kg) intragastrically, IND+RAN+L-citrulline group; received co-treatment with RAN and L-citrulline intragastrically. At the end of experiments, ulcer index (U.I.) and preventive index (P.I.) and gastric juice pH, volume of gastric juice, free and total gastric acidity, pepsin activity and mucin content were assessed. Gastric homogenates were used for determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA), (nitrite/nitrate) NO content, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and heme oxygenase (HO) activity. Results: pretreatment with either RAN or L-citrulline alone significantly reduced U.I. and also significantly reduced gastric juice volume, free and total acidity, pepsin activity, and gastric MDA with concomitant significant increase in pH of gastric juice. But, RAN insignificantly alter mucin content, NO content, PGE2, MPO activity and HO activity compared to IND group. While, pretreatment with L-citrulline alone significantly increased mucin content, NO content, PGE2, HO activity andsignificantly decreased MPO activity compared to either IND group or RAN group. Co-administration of RAN and L-citrulline resulted in more significant reduction of U.I. providing 87.30% prevention, and also more significant reduction of gastric juice volume, free and total acidity, pepsin activity, gastric MDA and MPO activity with concomitant more significant increase in pH of gastric juice and NO content, PGE2 synthesis and HO activity compared to either IND group or RAN groups. Conclusions: It could be concluded from this present study that the combination of L-citrulline and RAN afford a good gastroprotective potential against the gastric ulceration induced by IND better than each drug aloneEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Comparative Evaluation of the Gastroprotective Effect of L-Carnitine and Omeprazole on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Male Albino Wister Rats2933093479910.21608/besps.2014.34799ENNerminMadiDepartment of Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityAnaamAbd Al-BarrDepartment of Clinical Pathology
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20140621Aim: The present work aimed to compare between the gastroprotective efficacy of L-carnitine and omeprazole in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in male albino Wister rats. Methods: This study was carried out on 40 male albino Wister rats were divided into four equal groups: Normal group: Received distilled water, ulcer-control group: Administered with a single dose of 1ml absolute ethanol for gastric ulcer induction, omeprazole-group: Received omeprazole (20mg/kg subcutaneously daily), L-carnitine group: Received L-carnitine (50mg/kg) intragastrically. At the end of experiment, ulcer index and preventive index were assayed. Gastric homogenate was collected for determination of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, nitric oxide (NO), acidic mucopolysaccarides, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Gastric juice was collected for determination of titratable acidity, peptic activity and DNA fragmentation. Results: The ethanol-induced gastric damage significantly increased ulcer index, MPO activity, titratable acidity, peptic activity and DNA fragmentation of gastric juice, with significant decrease in TAC, SOD activity, NO, acidic mucopolysaccarides and PGE2 in gastric mucosa, with no effect on CAT activity compared to normal group. Pretreatment with either omeprazole or L-carnitine significantly decreased ulcer index, gastric MPO activity, titratable acidity, peptic activity and DNA fragmentation compared to ulcer-control group. Also, both omeprazole and L-carnitine significantly increased gastric TAC and SOD activity with insignificant effect on CAT compared to ulcer control group. But L-carnitine, not omeprazole, significantly increased NO, acidic mucopolysaccarides and PGE2 compared to ulcer control. Conclusions: We conclude that L-carnitine is more effective in healing the gastric ulcer than omeprazole. Further broad spectrum studies as well as clinical trials should be conducted before the use of L-carnitine as routine medicineEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Differential Effects of High Fat, High Sucrose and High Starch Diets on Some Aspects of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism and the Hepatic Oxidative Status in Adult Male Albino Rats3103253482510.21608/besps.2014.34825ENMariamIbrahimDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia UniversityNevenAzizDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia UniversityRehabRifaaiDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia UniversityJournal Article20140822Background & objectives: It is well-established that diet composition can have a direct impact on normal physiological functions, as well as on pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of 4 weeks’ different feeding programs comparing body weight, food intake, lipid profiles, serum glucose, insulin and leptin. In addition, we evaluated the oxidative state and the histological appearance of the liver. Methods: Twenty four male albino rats were fed with high fat diet (HFD), high sucrose diet (HSD), and high starch diet (HTD) for a period of 4 weeks compared with a control diet (CD) group of equal caloric values. Results: Rats fed the different experimental diets showed dyslipidemia, hyperleptinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and alteration of oxidative markers and histological changes in the hepatic tissues (steatosis, micro and macrovacuolation, inflammatory cell infiltration and focal necrosis in different zones). HSD showed the severest changes while HTC the least. HSD decreased the final daily food intake, body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI), while HFD increased at first then decreased finally daily food intake in spite of increased final BW and BMI. HTC decreased final BW and BMI in spite of increased food intake. Conclusion Improper selection of diet macronutrients is more serious than excess caloric intake especially for obese or those with hepatic or other organ challenges. High fat diet has deleterious metabolic effects. The type of carbohydrate is also a determinant factor; complex carbohydrates (starch) being less hazardous than simple ones (sucrose).Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Vitamin E Ameliorates Short-Term Exercise-Induced Damage in Kidney and Skeletal Muscle of Male Albino Rats3263443482610.21608/besps.2014.34826ENGhadaMahmoudDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20141007Objective. Short term exhausting exercise increases the formation of harmful reactive oxygen species. We evaluated effect of vitamin E supplementation prior to swimming on circulating inflammatory markers, muscle endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, functional and structural changes of muscle and kidney of rats. Methods. 24 male albino rats were divided into 3 groups: (C) control group (not submitted to exercise stress), (S) exercise stress group, and (SE) exercise stress and vitamin E group. The rats from SE group were treated with gavage administration of vitamin E (50 mg·kg⁻¹) prior to swimming. The animals from S and SE groups were submitted to bouts of swimming exercise stress for 1 hour daily for a week. Results. We found that swimming stress significantly elevated plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (INF-γ) and C reactive protein (CRP). Exercise stress caused significant decrease in relative kidney weight, Total body weight (TBW), plasma urea and creatinine levels 30 min. after the last session of exercise. However, it significantly increased urea to creatinine ratio and caused considerable damage in kidney cells as revealed by histological examinations. Microscopic examination of muscle samples showed hypervascularity, raised nuclear number, splitting of muscle fibers, and central location of nuclei. Administration of vitamin E for seven consecutive days before the exposure to exercise significantly decreased TNF-alpha, INF-gamma and didn't change CRP level. Vitamin E supplementation decreased urea to creatinine ratio, increased TBW, increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and ameliorated the structural changes that occurred in the muscle and kidney. Conclusion. Present study revealed that vitamin E supplementation has promising protective role against exercise-induced elevation of cytokines, muscular damage as well as dehydration and potential renal damageEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Effect of Erythropoietin on Unilateral Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury After Torsion/Detorsion in Rats3453563482710.21608/besps.2014.34827ENNahidTahoonDepartment of Physiology. Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, El Gharbia, EgyptRiskElkholyDepartment of Physiology. Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, El Gharbia, EgyptSaharElsawyDepartment of Physiology. Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, El Gharbia, EgyptEmanBashaDepartment of Physiology. Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, El Gharbia, EgyptJournal Article20140716Background: Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that requires urgent surgical intervention. Aim: To study the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on unilateral testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods: 32 adult male wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups; sham-operated group, 2 hours torsion group, untreated torsion/detorsion (T/D) group and EPO-treated T/D group. In all groups testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity, nitrite/ nitrate and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured in testicular tissue. Free testosterone was measured in serum. Caspase-3 was examined by immunohistochemistry. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue was also done for all groups.Results: At the end of the experimental period, the 2 hours torsion and untreated T/D groups showed significant increases in testicular MDA, nitrite/ nitrate and TNF-α and significant reduction of testicular catalase activity and serum free testosterone. These biochemical results were significantly reversed in EPO-treated T/D group. These results were corroborated by immunohistochemistry of caspase-3 and histopathological results of testicular tissue in all groups. Conclusion: From these results, it is concluded that, EPO plays an important beneficial role in I/R injury of testis due to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic and angiogenic properties and can be used as a novel therapeutic approach in conjunction with surgical repair to decrease the rate of surgical resection of torted testis.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Comparative Study on Hematological Changes in Adult and Aged Rats after Curcumin Administration3573663482810.21608/besps.2014.34828ENMonaHussainDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, EgyptJournal Article20140922Several studies investigating the beneficial effects of curcumin administration in aging on the other hand, curcumin may have the potential to contribute to the development of anemia. So this study was designed to compare the hematological effects of curcumin administration in adult and aged rats. Materials and methods: Twelve adult rats 6 months old and twelve aged rats 20 months old were used in this study. Adult and aged rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: control adult, curcumin-treated adult, control aged and curcumin-treated aged groups. Curcumin was administered in curcumin groups (50mg/Kg i.p. for 21 consecutive days). The rat tail bleeding time was assayed. Blood indices, platelets indices, in vitro platelets aggregation, total and differential white blood cells counts were measured. Results: Curcumin caused a significant decrease in red blood cells count and hemoglobin concentrations in aged group. Also curcumin significantly decreased hematocrit in adult and aged rats. In aged group curcumin significantly increased the platelets count and platelet indices. In adult group, it caused a significant increase in platelet indices only. Tail bleeding time and platelets aggregation significantly increased in curcumin-treated aged group versus control adult group. Conclusion: Curcumin administration in aged rats caused anemia, the cause of anemia may be the iron deficiency. Curcumin also caused an increase in platelets count and this may represents reactive thrombocytosis to the iron deficiency anemia and it prolonged the bleeding time. So these hematological sequelae of curcumin administration must be seriously taken in consideration with practical implications of curcumin in aging. Further researches are required to address the mechanisms of these effects.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201The ameliorative effect of Heme Oxygenase System on early Diabetic Nephropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats3673853482910.21608/besps.2014.34829ENRehabAbo El GheitPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityMarwaEmamPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20140721Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and severe microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Although hemoxygenase (HO) is cytoprotective, the potential renoprotective mechanisms of HO-1 induction remain to be explored. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible protective effect of HO induction on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced early DN and various mechanisms underlie this effect in rats. Materials & methods: Single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ(60mg/kg) was administered to induce early DN in rats. Four weeks after STZ injection, the diabetic rats were divided into four groups (10 rats each), namely, STZ -diabetic, Hemin treated diabetic, Hemin and chromium-mesoporphyrin (CrMP) treated diabetic and CrMP treated diabetic group. The normal rats were chosen as control group .The diabetic rats received either hemin(15 mg/kg,ip) or CrMP(4 μmol/kg ,ip) alone or combined treatment of both , twice weekly for 4 weeks.DN was assessed, eight weeks of STZ injection, by measuring plasma adiponectin, serum insulin, glucose and creatinine levels, renal hemoxygenase -1(HO-1)concentration , monocyte chemoattractant protein – 1(MCP-1),intercellular adhesion molecule -1(ICAM-1), nuclear factor - Kappa beta(NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-α),hydroxyprolin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and urinaryalbumin , collagen, creatinine and 8- isoprostane and8- hydroxyguanosine (8-OHDG) levels.Results: Hemin – induced HO upregulation, in STZ -diabetic rats suppressed the hyperglycemiawith increased adiponectin and insulinotropic effect. Correspondingly, hemin reduced themarkers of kidney dysfunction including albuminuria, collagen and creatinine excretion togetherwith reduced serum creatinine level, suggesting improved kidney function. Similarly, hemin,suppressed renal proinflammatory chemokines, MCP-1, ICAM-1with parallel reduction in renalproinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the inflammatory/oxidative transcription factor, NF-κB, inSTZ-diabetic rats. Moreover hemin therapy was associated with marked reduction in STZinduced elevation in renal fibrotic marker, hydroxyprolin. Furthermore, hemin significantlydecreased the enhanced renal NADPH oxidase with parallel reduction of urinary 8- isoprostaneand 8-OHDG, surrogate urinary markers of oxidative stress. Contrarily, coadministering the HOinhibitor, CrMP with the HO-inducer, hemin nullified the antidiabetic and renoprotective effects,whereas administering CrMP alone abrogated HO level, aggravated hyperglycemia, furtherincreased renal MCP-1, ICAM-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, hydroxyprolin with deterioration of oxidativestress markers and exacerbating renal dysfunction in diabetic animals.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the reduction of renal injury in diabetic rats uponinduction of HO-1 was associated with decreased renal oxidative stress, fibrosis andinflammation, implicating the role of HO-1 induction as a future treatment of DN.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201L-carnitine Increases Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 Expression and ImprovesMetabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetes3864033483010.21608/besps.2014.34830ENAbeerMostafaDepartment of Physiology. Faculty of medicine, Mansoura UniversityMohammedAdelDepartment of Physiology. Faculty of medicine, Mansoura UniversityJournal Article20140921Background: L-carnitine is known to play a beneficial role in diabetes; however, there are no studies on the effect of L-carnitine on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in high glucose condition. So the aim of this in vivo study was to investigate whether L-carnitine can improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) through increasing the expression of GLUT 4 in skeletal muscles. Methods: Thirty healthy male Sprague Dawely rats were randomly divided into: Control negative, control positive (Diabetic) and Carnitine groups. For induction of T2DM the control positive and carnitine groups' rats were fed high fat diet (HFD) for about 2 month, while control negative rats were fed on normal diet. Diabetic and carnitine groups received 35 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ) intraperitoneal. After confirming the development of T2DM in diabetic and carnitine groups L-carnitine was administered orally to the carnitine group in a dose of 3 gm carnitine / kg once daily for 4 weeks. At the end of treatment period, rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected directly from the heart and the hindlimb soleus muscles were removed, snap- frozen and stored at−80◦C until analysis. Results: L-carnitine administration resulted in significant decrease (p<0:05) in serum glucose, serum insulin, and triglycerides: High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG:HDL) ratio of the carnitine group as compared to diabetic group. Carnitine administration showed also significant increase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and in total skeletal muscle GLUT-4 protein concentration. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that carnitine supplementation ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats and up-regulating GLUT4 protein expression in the skeletal muscles through increasing the activity of AMPK. So, carnitine administration may be a possible candidate for the treatment of T2DM.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Protective effect of Multivitamin Complex on Copper Oxide nanoparticles (nanoCuO) induced toxicity in rats4044183483110.21608/besps.2014.34831ENElhussainyElhussainyDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.SafinazEl-ShourbagyDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, EgyptJournal Article20140615The aim of this work was designed to investigate the effects of Multivitamin complex (MVC) on Copper oxide nano particles (nanoCuO)induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats and its possible mechanism of action. The present study was performed on a forty male albino rats which were divided into four groups. Control group, MVC treated group, received Vitamins – E, C, and A in a dose of 130 mg/kg daily by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. Nano CuO induced toxic group, this group received CuO nanoparticles (40-56nm)in a dose of 10 mg/kg daily by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks.MVC treated toxic group, this group received MVC in a dose of 130 mg/kg daily by intraperitoneal injection one hour before nanoCuO injection for 2 weeks. Multivitamin Complex caused significant decrease in serum levels of ALT, AST, blood urea and serum creatinine compared to nanoCuO-induced toxic group. MVC caused significant increase in serum levels of albumin compared to nanoCuO-induced toxic group. Multivitamin Complex caused significant decrease of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and significant increase in superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione levels compared to nanoCuO toxic group.MVC improved hepatic and renal structures by histopathological examination as it caused significant decrease in fatty changes in hepatocytes, congestion, and damage of renal tubules. The results suggest that Multivitamin Complex has potential protective role against CuO nanoparticles induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity by an antioxidant mechanism.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084234220141201Coexpression of Intracellular β Amyloid, β Actin with Partners of B-Methyl_D_Aspartate Receptors and NSE in Differentiated Rat Hippocampal H 19/7 Cells.4194343483210.21608/besps.2014.34832ENAymanAmerDepartment of Human Anatomy and Embryology,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptGhadaMahmoudDepartment of Physiology
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20140820Background. The integrity of neuronal axons and ability to differentiate are of utmost importance to understand pathology of neurological diseases. β-actin is one of the cytoskeletal proteins that is important for cell integrity and synaptic formation. Previous studies showed contradictory findings concerning the effects of β-amyloid protein on neuronal structure and synaptic function. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have crucial role in neuronal plasticity. Neuronal cell line (H19-7) generated from rat embryonic hippocampal neurons offers a model for screening assays. Objective. In this study, we used microculture system to characterize H19/7 cells in regard to their phenotypes, differentiation, synaptic connections, responsiveness to temperature and insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) hormone, and the ability to express growth hormone receptors (GHRs). Moreover, we examined the ability of the differentiated H19/7 cells to coexpress β amyloid and β actin with partners of NMDARs. Results. We found that raising temperature of cell culture to 39°C in medium supplemented with high glucose, basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF) and IGF-I decreased the rapid cell proliferation and induced differentiation seen as elongation, multiple processes extension, thickening of cell bodies, and formation of synaptic connections. All differentiated cells express GHRs highlighting the importance of growth factors in maintaining the integrity of H19/7 cells. We further proved the differentiation of cells by testing the expression of NSE using western blots at different temperature and days of development. We found significantly higher expression seen at days 4 and 8 at 39°C compared to day 4 at 34°C. We found that H19/7 cells express cytoskeletal protein; β-actin as well as neuronal cytoplasmic proteins including, β-amyloid, and neuron specific enolase (NSE); two key molecular marker of neuronal cells. Moreover, we showed that differentiated H19/7 cells express a channel protein NR1and NR2A; partners of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. We found that immune-reactivity of β-actin, and NSE was uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm in soma and neuronal processes. All differentiated cells showed co-expression of both β actin and NR2A; β amyloid and NR1 proteins especially on soma and neuronal processes suggesting a role of β actin and β amyloid in NMDAR-mediated effects at synaptic connection sites. Conclusion. This study suggested that H19/7 cells represent promising cell line model that reveal mechanisms regulating neuronal axon outgrowth and integrity that may help in treatment of neurological diseases in the future.