@article { author = {El-Sherbeny, Romysa and El-Gharieb, Mahmoud}, title = {A Study on the Effects of Dietary Lactose on Ovarian Function and Body Weight in Normal and Obese Female Albino Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36321}, abstract = {This work was done to investigate effects of dietary lactose on ovarian function and body weight in normal and obese female albino rats. 36 female albino rats 150-170gm and 6 weeks old, were divided into two groups:(1)Normal group: composed of 18 rats divided into three subgroups: (A)Control group: received glucose in a dose of 41.9gm/100gm of standard diet for three months, (B)low lactose diet treated group: received lactose in a dose of 10.5gm/100gm of standard diet for three months (C)High lactose diet treated group: received lactose in a dose of 41.9gm/100gm of the standard diet for three months.(2)Obese group: composed of 18 rats received high fat diet for one month to induce obesity, then divided into three subgroups: (A) Control group: received glucose in a dose of 41.9gm/100gm of high fat diet for three months (B)Low lactose diet treated group: received lactose in a dose of10.5gm/100gm of high fat diet for three months (C)High lactose treated group: received lactose in a dose of 41.9gm/100gm of high fat diet for three months. At the end of the experiment, rats were weighed and blood collected from retro orbital plexus for determination of estrogen, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), leptin. Vaginal cytology was done regularly to estimate estrus cycles cyclicity. The results showed significant reduction of body weight, estrogen, progesterone, and leptin in both normal and obese rats, and significant increase of FSH in normal and obese rats. Vaginal cytology showed disturbed and irregular estrus cycles. It can be concluded that, administration of lactose in low and high doses for long periods can affect the ovarian function, and caused reduction of body weight due to galactose content. It is recommended that, women with galactosemia and infertility must assess their galactose level which may be the cause of infertility.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36321.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36321_380e0a704e6e8753494cbc0ee0ee542d.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sherbeny, Romysa and Abd El-Rahman, Mohamed}, title = {A study on the Effect of Erythropoietin Treatment on Healing of Renal Damage in Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {11-24}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36322}, abstract = {This study investigated the healing effect of erythropoietin treatment on renal damagein male albino rats. This work was carried out on 24 male albino rats, divided intofour equal groups. Group (1) Control group: injected by 0.2ml saline intraperitonealy(2) Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) treated group: rats were injected intraperitonealy bysingle dose(3mg/kg) of HgCl2, group(3): Erythropoietin (Epo) treated group: ratswere treated by intraperitoneal injection of Epo (1000u/kg) /day for 2 weeks, andgroup (4) HgCl2 and Epo treated group: rats were injected by single dose of HgCl2and Epo for 2 weeks. At the end of experimental period, rats were sacrificed andblood samples were collected and sera were separated for estimation of serum levelsof creatinine, urea, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione concentration,malondialdehyde and haematocrit value. The abdomen was dissected and kidney wasexcised and fixed in formalin for histopathological examination. The results showedin HgCl2 treated group, significant increase in serum creatinine, urea andmalondialdehyde levels, and significant reduction in glutathione concentration,glutathione peroxidase and haematocrit value (HV) levels compared with control.Epo treated group showed significant reduction in serum levels of creatinine, andmalondialdehyde, and significant increase in HV value levels, compared with thecontrol. HgCl2 and Epo treated group showed, signification reduction inmalondialdehyde, creatinine and urea and significant increase in glutathioneconcentration, glutathione peroxidase and HV compared with HgCl2 group.Histopathological examination showed necrosis of renal tubular epithelium anddilated proximal and distal tubules and wide Bowman's capsule in HgCl2 treatedgroup. HgCl2 and Epo treated group showed improvement of renal tubularepithelium, mild dilatation of Bowman's capsule and bone marrow derived cells. It isconcluded that, Epo treatment improved renal damage due to HgCl2 and promotehealing of renal tissue, and it is recommended to be used in chronic renal disease.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36322.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36322_f49eb9fab3faf66c1205d5679a158a1a.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sherbeny, Romysa and Abd-Elrhman, Mohamed}, title = {Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Sertraline on Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glu}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {25-38}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36323}, abstract = {The present work was done to investigate the effect of selective serotonin reuptakeinhibitor sertraline on the hormonal regulation of blood glucose in normal anddiabetic male albino rats. This work was carried out on 36 male albino rats. The ratswere weighed and divided into two groups, A-Normal group: subdivided into threesubgroups: Group (1): is the control group, group (2): treated by oral administrationof sertraline in a dose of 30mg/kg/day through intragastric tube for one week,group(3): treated by oral sertraline in a dose of 30mg/kg/day through intragastrictube for three weeks. B-Diabetic group: diabetes was induced by single injection of50mg/kg streptozotocin intraperitonealy to all rats, then rats subdivided into 3subgroups. Group(1): is the control diabetic group, group (2): diabetic rats treated byoral administration of sertraline 30mg/kg/day through intragastric tube for one week,group(3): diabetic rats treated by oral administration of sertraline 30mg/kg/daythrough intragastric tube for three weeks. At the end of the experiment, rat werefasted for night, weighed, scarified, and blood samples were collected fordetermination of glucose, catecholamines, glucagon, ACTH, corticosterone andinsulin levels. The results showed significant reduction of blood glucose in normaland diabetic groups after one and three weeks of treatment by sertraline. Epinephrinewas significantly increased after one and three weeks of treatment in normal anddiabetic groups. Norepinephrine and glucagon were significantly increased afterthree weeks treatment by sertraline in normal and diabetic groups. Non significantchange of insulin, ACTH, corticosterone and body weight in normal and diabeticgroups. It is concluded that sertraline treatment induced hypoglycemia and stimulatedadrenomedullary response. It is recommended to use sertraline in diabetic patients,and to reduce the dose of antidiabetic drugs during sertraline treatment.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36323.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36323_2cabbabe8c9b70a0210b0674c1fee860.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sherbeny, Romysa and El-Gharieb, Mahmoud}, title = {Study on the Trophic Effect of Human Recombinant Erythropoietin on the Developing Small Bowel in Neonatal Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {39-50}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36324}, abstract = {The present work was done to study the trophic effect of human recombinanterythropoietin on the developing small bowel in neonatal rats. This study was carriedout on 24 neonatal rats aged 4-5 days, weighing 40-60gm, and divided into 4 groupseach containing 6 neonatal rats: Groups (1): was the control, group (2):administrated enteral human recombinant erythropoietin(Epo) through intragastrictube in a dose of 200 u/kg/day for one week, group (3): administrated enteral humanrecombinant Epo in a dose of 1000 u/kg/day through intragastric tube for one week,and group (4): administrated human recombinant Epo parenterally in a dose of200u/kg/day for one week. At the end of the experiment, neonatal rats were weighedand blood was collected by cardiac puncture, sacrificed , dissected and smallintestine was excised, length was measured and fixed in paraffin for histologicalexamination. The results showed that administration of enteral recombinant Epo indose of 200 and 1000 u/kg/day for a week caused significant increase in body weightand small bowel length , and non significant effect on haematocrit value or plasmaerythropoietin concentration. The parenteral administration of Epo showed,significant increase in body weight, haematocrit value, plasma erythropoietinconcentration and small bowel length. Histological examination showed, increasedsurface area of intestinal mucosa and increased length of the ilial villi.. It isconcluded that, parenteral administration of human recombinant Epo hashaematopoietic and trophic effects on the small bowel. Enteral administration ofhuman recombinant Epo has a local trophic effect on small bowel, which is useful intreatment of infants suffering from defective absorption due to short bowel syndrome.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36324.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36324_8fbb6141cf019de1f727450a96cc5de8.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Barbary, Magdy}, title = {Working Memory Tasks Reflections on Electrical Activity of the Brain}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {51-58}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36326}, abstract = {Introduction & rationale: Recent theoretical and experimental work has focused onthe changes of electro encephalographic waves in working memory and there hasbeen particular interest in oscillations in the theta and alpha frequency bands. It isapparent that there are a lot of discrepancies among findings of different studiesconcerning EEG during memory tasks. Aim of the work: was to assess changes in theelectric activity of the brain during working memory tasks. Subjects & Methods: Across-sectional descriptive study was done in the EEG unit in Suez Canal Universityhospital to reveal the changes that occur in the electric activity of the brain duringSternberg memory task performance. 43 subjects volunteered to our study. They allunderwent EEG recording during performance of a visual Sternberg memory task.This EEG record was compared to another baseline EEG record done before taskperformance to monitor the changes that occurred in the electric activity of the brain.Results: Analysis of the EEG waves in parietal temporal and occipital brain areasrevealed that: There is significant difference between peak power frequency (PPF)before and during task performance. As PPF in the theta band was significantly morefrequent during the task performance than before task performance (P< 0.05). WhilePPF at central electrodes, in most of the subjects, have no significant differencebefore and during task performance in the theta band. While theta waves aresignificantly more frequent during the task performance than before task performanceat CZ (P< 0.05). There was a significant change in the Relative Power of beta1, beta2 frequency band before and during task performance with P value<0.05. There wasnon-significant change in the Relative Power of other frequency bands before andduring task performance (P>0.05). in addition the degree of task performance wasstrongly correlated with power of beta 1 and delta bands before task performance.Conclusions: We concluded that working memory task is reflected on the electricactivity of the brain in the form of peak power frequency in the range of thetaoscillations in parietal, occipital, temporal areas of the brain. There was a significantincrease in the relative power of beta 1, beta 2 frequency bands during taskperformance. However, degree of task performance was strongly related to therelative powers of beta 1 and delta frequency bands before task performance.}, keywords = {working memory tasks,EEG,Peak power frequency}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36326.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36326_bd7f3eef5fb68a14ddba991ba53cf896.pdf} } @article { author = {El Barbary, Magdy and Abdel- All, Howayda and Mohy Eldin, Mohamed and Yousef, Amal and Greish, Sahar}, title = {Early Transplantation of Human Umbalical Cord Blood Stem Cell Can Improve Engrafment and Liver Response to Carbon Tetra Chloride induced Cirrhosis in Mice}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {59-72}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36327}, abstract = {Background: The potential use of UCB in the treatment of hepatic failure (a majorproblem worldwide) has been a research focus for several years now. Recent studieshave identified UCB as a possible source of hepatic progenitor cells that can bedifferentiated into hepatocyte in vitro and in vivo and can ameliorate fibrosis.Objectives: the aim of this study was to investigate the hepatic response totransplantation of HUCB stem cells in CCl4 injured liver in mice, as regard liverfunction, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Design: Experimental study.Setting: The stem cell unit in the Physiology Department and the animal house aftercord blood collection in the Gynecology and Obstetric department, Faculty ofMedicine, Suez Canal University. Materials and Methods: Hepatic fibrosis wasinduced by CCl4. HUCB stem cells were infused systemically through the tail veinimmediately (group 1), and after one week of receiving CCl4 (group 2), Group 3received only CCl4 (as a control group). Administration of CCl4 was continued for 10weeks in G1, G2 and G3, while group 4 (as another control group) received only thesolvent of CCl4 for 10 weeks. After that, blood from all groups was collected forassessment of liver function, then all mice were sacrified under general anesthesiaand the liver was fixed and prepared for histopathological and immumohistochemicalexamination. Results: It was found that the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) inmice treated with stem cells after CCl4 administration was significantly lower whileserum albumin was significantly higher compared to group 3 animals who receivedCCl4 without stem cells treatment (P= 0.001). Whereas serum total and directbilirubin levels were similar among all groups. histopathological examinationrevealed that hepatic damage was less in the stem cells treated mice (G1 and G2) thanin non treated group (as regards liver cell changes, portal tract inflammation,piecemeal necrosis, portal tract fibrosis and bridging fibrosis). However, liverinflammation and fibrosis were more in mice treated after one week than inimmediately treated mice. Immumohistochemical examination, more importantly, IHCstaining with monoclonal mouse anti-human hepatocyte revealed presence of humanhepatocytes in injured mice liver which proved that the transplanted stem cells weretransdifferentiated into hepatocyte. Conclusion: HUCB stem cells weretransdifferentiated into hepatocyte when infused in mice injured liver and causeimprovement in liver function test and liver histology.}, keywords = {carbon tetrachloride (CCl4),Human Umbilical Cord Blood stem cells,liver fibrosis and monoclonal mouse anti-human hepatocyte}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36327.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36327_d54b472e08e4d115dc69476a502dc9a4.pdf} } @article { author = {F, Gharib and A, Karam and Z, El-Naggar and E, Fargaly}, title = {Paraoxonase1 (PON1) 55 and 192 Polymorphism in Egypt and its impact on the antioxidant status of patients with Bilharzial and Viral liver diseases}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {73-88}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36328}, abstract = {Background/Aims: It is now known beyond doubt that viral hepatitis (caused by B orC virus) along with bilharzial infestation (mostly S. mansoni) are the most importantfactors responsible for the vast majority of morbidity and mortality in Egypt. Basedupon the concept that oxidative stress plays a key role in the development andpathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, many of the factors known to have antioxidantproperties are to be investigated for purpose of evaluating their role in the defensemechanisms against all oxidant brunts associated with liver diseases. Serum MDAwas assayed as a famous marker of oxidative stress, while PON1 enzyme activitieswere investigated as a marker of antioxidant properties. The polymorphism at 55 and192 position known to be associated with PON1 enzyme are also investigated inEgyptian normal and chronic liver patients, in order to elucidate whether suchpolymorphism has any effect on the enzyme activity, and consequently the state ofhepatic affection. Whether routine assay of PON1 activity in chronic liver diseasepatients can be introduced as a non-invasive clue marker for diagnosis and rating thestage of hepatic affection is another aim of the present work. Methods: We studied 75patients with chronic liver disease (25 patient with chronic Bilharziasis, 25 patientswith chronic hepatitis C, 25 patients with mixed hepatitis C and bilharzial cirrhosis)and 25 apparently healthy controls. Serum paraoxonase activity and levels of thelipid peroxidation marker (serum malondialdhyde) were measuredspectrophotomtrically. PON1 genotyping at positions 55 and 192 were analyzed byPCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism and agarose gel electrophoresis.Results: the present work showed that chronic liver disease (viral and/or bilharzial)are associated with elevated oxidative stress (as indicated by increased MDA level)together with reduced PON1-activities, which is regarded as an antioxidant tool. Thefrequency of investigated polymorphism at 55 and 192 position were found to be of nostatistical significance between patients and control groups. The MDA and PON1values did correlate with standard liver function. Conclusion: The present workcould introduce the assay of PON1 activity in the serum as a non-invasive, specificand reliable marker in a trial to assess the state of liver affection in chronic hepaticdiseases.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36328.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36328_ef57e0483cb23d8fc4c3a3bbe84e3764.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Akwa, Ahmed}, title = {The Effect of Khat on the Levels of Cortisol and Lipid Profile in Healthy Khat Chewres}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {89-98}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36329}, abstract = {Effect of khat chewing on the levels of cortisol, total- cholesterol, triglyceride andlipoproteins cholesterol (HDLc and LDLc), in healthy khat chewers were studied infifty healthy Yemeni male adults. After 12 hours fasting (in controls) or after 12 hoursfrom the last session for khat chewing , serum concentration of these parameters weredetermined. The results showed that the mean levels of serum cortisol as well as theserum concentration of HDL-cholesterol were decreased as compared to non khatchewer individuals (control group) (p<0.05), while the serum triglyceride mean levelwas consistently higher after chewing khat and differences were statisticallysignificant (p-value<0.05) as compared to the control group. On the other hands themean concentration of total cholesterol and LDL-c in serum of khat consumersshowed a non-significant change, as compared to the control group (non khatchewers).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36329.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36329_a5ed205f453c5602c3e063db90cf2ca3.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Nahas, Maessa and Ibrahim, Fleur and Ibrahim, Waffa}, title = {Study on the Effect of Apelin or Angiotensin-1 Receptor Blocker on Atherosclerotic Model}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {99-112}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36331}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of apelin (one of adipokine) orlosartan (angiotensin-1 receptor blocker) on atherosclerotic and inflammatorymarkers in hypercholesterelemic rats treated with angiotensin II injection. Forty malealbino rats divided into two groups Control n=8 and high cholesterol diet group n =32 which were further subdivided into 4 subgroups. Saline, AngII, AngII + losartanand AngII + apelin for 4 weeks. At the end of experiments their plasma were used andanalyzed for lipid profiles, TNF-alpha, NO, CRP and SVCAM-1 where they showedsignificant increase in lipid profiles in saline and Ang II group and significantdecrease after losartan or apelin treatment. TNF-alpha., CRP and SVCAM-1 weresignificantly increased after saline and Ang II, while decreased significantly afterlosartan or apelin. The level of NO was significantly decreased in saline and Ang IIgroup and significantly increased after losartan or apelin. The present study indicatesthat apelin exerts an antiatherogenic effect and counteracts the effect of Ang II likelosartan via inhibiting the atherogenic and inflammatory markers inhypercholesterelemic rats.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36331.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36331_e1c1999fe2b96b17df22fd0a73d2b3d6.pdf} } @article { author = {Hammad, Saeed and El-Gharieb, Mahmoud and Abdel- Hafez, Maher}, title = {Hepcidin Levels and Iron Homeostasis During Early Infancy}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {113-124}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36332}, abstract = {Background: Iron status is usually assessed in children and adults through themeasurement of the concentrations of serum ferritin (SF) and serum solubletransferrin receptor (sTfR), which reflect storage iron and cellular iron needs,respectively. However SF and sTfR are difficult to interpret in infants. Hepcidinliverhormone- is a negative regulator of iron absorption and mobilization. Objective:We aimed in this study to characterize changes in hepcidin levels in healthy breast fedinfants in correlation to the dynamic change in iron status in this young age.Patients and methods: 106 healthy breast fed infant were included in the study andfollowed from 4 to 9 mo. Iron supplementation was given to infants with irondeficiency (ID) at 6 mo till the age of 9 mo. Blood samples at 4, 6, and 9 months ofage were analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume (MCV), zincprotoporphyrin (ZPP), plasma ferritin, and transferrin receptors (TfR). Urinaryhepcidin was measure at 4, 6 and 9 mo. Results: In unsupplemented infants, Hb,MCV and ferritin means decreased, whereas ZPP and sTfR means increased from 4to 6 mo. Urinary hepcidin levels were decreasing with age between 4 and 6 months.We found significant urinary hepcidin deficiency in ID group at 6mo. Changes of Hblevels after iron supplementation were correlated significantly to urinary hepcidin atthe age of 6 mo (r=-0.756), less significantly correlated to sTfR(r=394) and serumferritin (r= 32). Conclusions: Iron deficiency in healthy full term infants is lesscommon at 4 mo but iron deficiency increased after that. Not all ID infants willmanifest by anemia and not all anemic infants are iron deficient. Urinary hepcidincould help to early diagnose infants with true iron deficiency.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36332.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36332_9e9493053e806b50a6615c93216e6a1c.pdf} } @article { author = {Hammad, Saeed and El-Gharieb, Mahmoud and Khodeir, Samy and Abdel Hafez, Maher}, title = {Sub clinical Vascular Inflammatory Markers, and Carotid Artery Intimal-Media Thickening in Obese Children and Adolescents}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {125-136}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36333}, abstract = {Objectives: Childhood obesity contributes to the development of adult obesity andsubsequent atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Associations between earlymorphologic and functional vascular changes as Endothelial Dysfunction, and Subclinical vascular inflammatory soluble markers are in need for intensive assessmentespecially in obese childhood. The present study aimed to investigate the relationshipof morphological vascular status (Carotid Artery intima-media thickness [IMT]) andfunctional vascular changes as plasma endothelial markers (von Willebrand factor[vWf], soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1), soluble vascular celladhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)), sP-selectin (sE-selectin), and high sensitive CReactive Protein (hs-CRP) concentrations in obese children, compared with controls.Patients and methods: 35 obese children included 15 males and 20 females, andtwenty five healthy lean children of matched age and sex were included in this studyas a control. All underwent assessment of morphological vascular status by measuringCarotid Artery intima-media thickness [IMT]) and analysis of plasma endothelialmarkers (vWf, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sP-selectin, hs-CRP concentrations and Eselectin).Results: Our results showed that in comparison with controls, obesechildren demonstrated significantly increased IMT, We demonstrated that,concentrations of soluble E-selectin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sP-selectin and hs-CRPconcentrations were significantly elevated in obese children, whereas vWf showed nosignificant differences between obese children and controls. Conclusions: Thepresent study documented that subclinical inflammation associated with obesityincrease the risk of early atherosclerosis in these children. Sonographic assessment ofvascular status and the estimation of soluble endothelial plasma markers, may form arationale to identify high-risk children susceptible to early atherosclerotic disease andto monitor vascular changes during follow-up studies and therapeutic measures.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36333.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36333_d74877de4a0f6900ee7d69b217bdc009.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Marwa and Aly, Omar and Wasfy, Ehab and Wasfy, Salwa}, title = {Role of Advanced Glycation End Products and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {137-148}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36334}, abstract = {Background: The hyperglycemic state occurring in diabetes mellitus is responsiblefor formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) thatparticipate with their receptors, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Intraocularvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels have been studied in animal modelsand human vitreous fluid, where the levels are found to be high in patients with activeintraocular neovascularization. Objective: To investigate the levels of AGEs ,solubleform of RAGE (sRAGE) ,VEGF and total antioxidants (TAO) in both vitreous andblood of diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Study Design:Blood and vitreous samples were collected from 30 diabetic patients, 15 withproliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 15 without retinopathy, and 15 non diabeticcontrol subjects. ELISA technique was used for measuring vitreous and blood levelsof AGE, sRAGE, VEGF and TAO. Results: AGEs, sRAGE and VEGF levels in bloodwere significantly higher in all diabetic groups compared to controls and in PDRpatients compared to diabetic group. There were positive correlations between serumAGEs, sRAGE and VEGF levels in both diabetic groups. Vitreous levels of AGEs andVEGF were significantly increased in all diabetic groups compared to controls and inPDR group compared to diabetic group. Also there were significant correlationsbetween these levels in both PDR and diabetic groups. Serum and vitreous TAO levelswere decreased in patients with diabetes compared to controls and in patients withPDR compared to diabetics without retinopathy. Furthermore, Serum TAO levelswere inversely correlated with serum levels of AGEs, sRAGE and VEGF in alldiabetic patients. TAO levels in vitreous were inversely correlated with vitreous levelsof AGEs, and VEGF in all diabetic patients. Conclusion: These findings suggest thatthe interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), with their cellularreceptor (RAGE) and oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabeticvascular complications through stimulation of VEGF.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36334.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36334_0406f7b2d2f7f7676e65af582bd596c5.pdf} } @article { author = {El Karn, Mona and Badary, Mohamed}, title = {role of leptin and tumor necrosis factor- (tnf-) in mechanisms of anorexia during endotoxin infection in mice}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {149-170}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36335}, abstract = {Background: Anorexia and loss of body weight are hallmark of infection. The actualmechanisms by which infection induces anorexia are still unknown. Several proinflammatorycytokines, most notably tumor necrotic factor- (TNF-), known toinitiate and modulate the host response to infection have been shown to induceanorexia and weight loss in healthy animals. Leptin is a protein hormone produced byadipose tissue. It is considered to be a satiety factor as it decreases food intake andincreases energy expenditure. Administration of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) or TNF-induced increase in serum leptin levels, and leptin has been shown to act in anendocrine fashion to decrease food intake and body weight. This suggests that leptinmay be one of the mechanisms by which anorexia is induced during infection. Thepresent study aimed to investigate the effect of endotoxin (LPS) and TNF-, on foodintake, body weight and serum leptin levels in mice. Also, to explain the differentpossible mechanisms which can cause anorexia during infection and if leptin isinvolved in these mechanisms. Methods: The study included 36 adult female micewhich were divided into 6 groups, 6 mice each. Group I: “control group”, receivedsingle intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of normal saline. Group II, III, IV and V: “LPStreated groups”, received a single i.p. injection of different doses of LPS, (0.1g, 1g,10g and 100g/100g. body weight respectively). Group VI: “TNF- treated group”,injected i.p. with TNF- in a dose of 17g/100g BW. Food intake and body weightwere measured over the next 18, 42, 66 and 90 h for animals of control and LPStreated groups. Food intake by TNF- injected group was measured 18 h afterinjection. Blood sample from each mouse of all studied animal groups was collected18 h after different injections, then serum leptin level was assessed using mouse leptinELISA kits. Results: The study showed a significant (p is<0.001), dose dependentdecrease in food intake and body weight 18 h after injection in all LPS injectedgroups (except for group II which showed a non significant decrease) when comparedwith that of control group. Gradual recovery of food intake and body weight gainingover the next 3 days occurred in low doses treated groups (groups II & III), while asmice treated with large doses, (group VI & V), showed no food intake nor weight gainover the subsequent 42 h. Thereafter, group IV began to increase their food intakeand body weight till the end of the study, whereas group V remained anorectic andlosing weight till the end of the study. TNF- injected group showed a significantdecrease in food intake, ( p is<0.001) as compared to the control one, that decreasein food intake after TNF- injection is nearly similar to that induced by LPS  injection even in high doses injected groups (groups III & IV). Serum leptin levelsshowed significant increase 18 h after LPS and TNF- injection in all injected groupsin a dose related manner, compared to that of the control group. The highest dose ofLPS injection to group V “100 g / 100 g BW” showed increased serum leptin levelsnearly 4 folds to that level of control group. The increase in serum leptin levels afterTNF- injection, did not reach the same levels of increase as after LPS injectionsspecially for the high doses of LPS “groups IV and V”. Conclusion: The presentstudy showed that both of LPS and TNF- can induce anorexia and increased leptinlevel. The decrease in food intake is inversely proportional to the increase in serumleptin. These data suggest a role for leptin in anorexia during LPS infection. Also, thestudy revealed some possible mechanisms for anorexia during infection through thecooperation between immune activation mediators (cytokines) and some hormonalchanges which can induce different host’s immune and metabolic response duringinfection. As anorexia plays a critical role in chronic inflammatory diseases, it ispossible that development of leptin antagonists may play a useful role in decreasinganorexia and wasting of chronic infections such as AIDS.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36335.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36335_1c2478e1ea8b63e0a4a07af11edbb58e.pdf} } @article { author = {Ramadan, Kholoud}, title = {Association of Serum C-reactive Protein Levels with Gamma Glutamyl Transferase and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Middle Aged People}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {171-182}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36336}, abstract = {C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker shown to predict futurecardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was toinvestigate the association of serum CRP level as a marker of chronic inflammationwith gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as early marker of oxidative stress and theirassociation with cardiometabolic risk factors among a diverse community sample ofmid-life people, also to examine whether these relationships might vary by age, sexand body mass index. The investigation was based on data derived from 100apparently healthy volunteers (male 40, female 60) aged 20-50 years, had a BMIbetween 24.2 and 37.7 kg/m2. Fasting serum CRP, GGT, uric acid andcardiovascular risk factors were measured and assessed in relation to CRP.Significant gender differences exist in the population distribution of CRP and GGT.In addition, higher BMI was significantly associated with higher CRP and uric acid.There was linear trend for increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors acrossCRP categories representing medium (1-<3mg/L) and high (3-10 mg/L). Afteradjustment for sex, age and body mass index, serum concentration of CRP waspositively associated with serum concentration of GGT and Uric acid (P<0.05). Bodymass index and systosolic blood pressure had the strongest association with CRP.The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) progressively increased with elevatedCRP levels. In conclusion, these data suggest that CRP is associated with twomarkers of oxidative stress, GGT and UA and elevation of both CRP and GGT may beworsening the atherogenic state. Furthermore, elevated CRP levels were associatedwith adverse lipid profiles and metabolic syndrome.}, keywords = {Metabolic syndrome,cardiovascular diseases,C-reactive protein,BMI}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36336.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36336_e9e3caa1a7ee9cc06f94f674492d6b8f.pdf} } @article { author = {Hammoudah, Maha and Saad, Zizi and Elrawy, Mohamed}, title = {Serum Fetuin-A and Mitral Annular Calcification As a New Predictors For Significant Coronary Artery Disease}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {183-198}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36337}, abstract = {Mitral annular calcification has been shown to be associated with atherosclerosis,and is a predictor of cardiovascular events. Fetuin-A has recently been described as aserum-based inhibitor of calcification. The present study was designed to evaluate thepredictive value of serum fetuin-A and mitral annular calcification in patients withsuspected/ diagnosed coronary artery disease. We prospectively studied fifty fourpatients with suspected/diagnosed coronary artery disease without renal impairmentor rheumatic valvular disease. The patients divided into 3 groups according to fetuin-A values. Group 1 low fetuin-A (32 patients). Group 2 normal fetuin-A (12 patients),group 3 fetuin-A high fetuin-A (10 patients). Full clinical examination, transthoracicechocardiography, coronary angiography, biochemical investigations offered to allpatients and fetuin-A level measured using EDI human fetuin-A ELISA kit. The resultsof the current study showed a higher incidence of mitral annular calcification amonggroup 1 (59.4%) in comparison to other groups, on other hand the same group hadlower left ventricular ejection fraction percent and higher incidence of restingregional wall motion abnormalities. Angiography showed a higher prevalence ofsevere coronary artery disease in patients with mitral annular calcification than thosewithout. Group 1 had, also higher prevalence of left main stenosis (43.1%vs 0%)P<0.05, and triple vessels disease (43.6%vs 13%) P<0.05. While the predictiveability of Mitral annular calcification in detection of significant coronary arterydisease was highly significant P= 0.0001. There was significant negative correlationbetween fetuin-A and hsCRP p<0.01and LDL-c p<0.05. One of the main findings isthe inverse association of serum fetuin-A concentration with Mitral annularcalcification as well as strong predictive value of both to presence of significantcoronary artery disease after multilogestic regression analysis. Conclusion: insymptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease, the presence of lowfetuin-A level and mitral annular calcification, may be considered as independentpredictors for the presence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36337.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36337_1ee29e0f1c58f7c4d58a3f2f3b7f70c9.pdf} } @article { author = {Taha, Mohamed and Sedrak, Heba}, title = {Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Messenger RNA and Its Encoded Polypeptide Level in Various Liver Diseases}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {199-212}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36339}, abstract = {Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent mediator that has been found to be implicated in the development of tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to detect the gene expression of m-RNA of VEGF as well as serum level of its encoded polypeptide in patients with various liver diseases to assess whether they are correlated with different clinical, laboratory and histological parameters of these diseases. Subjects and Methods: forty five patients (33males, 12 females) with various liver diseases including chronic hepatitis C (n=15), liver cirrhosis (n=15) and hepatocellular carcinoma (n=15) and fifteen healthy age-matched controls (9 males, 6 females) were included in the study. Gene expression of VEGF m-RNA was studied in tissue samples of all patients using reverse transcriptase-PCR and its encoded polypeptide level was detected in all subjects using ELISA technique. Results: Gene expression of VEGF m-RNA was significantly higher in HCC group as compared to CHC and LC groups. Meanwhile, there was significant statistical difference in VEGF gene expression between CHC and LC groups. Similar statistical differences were reported in the mean serum level of VEGF polypeptide. VEGF m-RNA expression as well as its serum level were correlated significantly with serum albumin only in cirrhotic patients (r = 0.612 and r = 0.577 respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between the serum VEGF level and platelet count in HCC patients (r = 0.421) and negative correlation exists between VEGF levels and platelet count in other patient groups and that correlation was highly significant in patients with chronic hepatitis (r = - 0.646). Conclusion: Gene expression of m-RNA of VEGF and its encoded polypeptide level were highly over-expressed in HCC and diminished in LC, so its measurement is highly recommended for early detection of malignant transformation of LC to HCC and makes VEGF one of the most important markers of HCC. Moreover, the HCV was able to activate the expression of VEGF in chronic hepatitis C patients.}, keywords = {HCC,CHC,VEGF and Cirrhosis}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36339.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36339_6581d1e3009d3d2ef1fbd2bd729bc3f9.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Hanaa and EL.Moselhy, Mohamed and Abd-El-Rahim, Salama}, title = {Gastroprotective Potential Effects of Statins on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {213-228}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36341}, abstract = {Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-CO A reductase inhibitors) exert favorableeffects on lipoprotein metabolism but may, also, possess antioxidant and antisecretoryeffects which have led to the interest in the use of that class of drugs outsidetreatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here, the effects of atorvastatin in experimentlyinduced gastric acid secretion and ulcer formation and the mechanisms underlyingthat protection in rats were explored. Animals were randomly assigned to threeexperimental groups (control, indomethacin, and indomethacin+atorvastatin groups).Pyloric ligation was performed for collection of gastric juice, and gastric ulcerationwas induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (40mg/kg).Thefollowing parameters were assayed (volume of gastric secretion and acidity, the levelof mucus, and proteolytic activity in gastric juice; lipid peroxides (MDA), nitric oxide(NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastric mucosa). Pretreatment withatorvastatin (10 mg/kg orally for 7 days) caused significant reduction in gastricmucosal lesions, MDA and gastric acid secretion associated with significant increasein gastric juice mucin secretion. Also, atorvastatin significantly increased gastric NOand PGE2 levels. These data illustrate the gastroprotective effects of atorvastatinwhich may be mediated by its anti-oxidant and anti-secretoryproperties.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36341.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36341_607a4dab954e6b98911342b02f28f5ce.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, Magdy and El-Moselhy, Mohamed and Abu-Elwafa, Ashraf and Ibrahim, Hanaa and Mohammed, Aliaa}, title = {Role of Phosphodiesterase Enzyme Modulation in Protection of Hepatotoxicity Induced by D-Galactosamine in Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {229-244}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36343}, abstract = {The study was conducted to investigate possible mechanisms of the hepatoprotectiveactions of Pentoxifylline (a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor) againstexperimentally induced hepatic injury in rats. The rats were randomly assigned tovehicle (saline), pentoxifylline (PTX, 100 mg/Kg) and silymarin (SYM, 100mg/Kg)and combination of the two in the same doses pretreated groups for three weeks, inaddition to the control group. Hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal singledose injection of D-galactosamine (D-GAL, 800mg\kg). Hepatic functions parameters(serum levels of albumin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were determined.Antioxidants properties of pentoxyphylline were examined via measuring theantioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),lipid peroxides as well as hepatic total nitrites. Histopathological findings were, also,determined using portions of liver tissues. Results showed that the liver injuryinduced by D-galactosamine treated rats was improved in the three pretreated groupsto variable extents. Pretreatment with PTX prevented D-galactosamine inducedreduction of antioxidative enzymes, SOD and CAT, and attenuated the elevated MDAlevel in hepatic tissue which was observed in non pretreated D-Gal group. Thesefindings could be attributed to antioxidant activity of PTX and its metabolites effects.It 'also' caused increase in hepatic triglycerides, normalization of nitric oxide level,and lowering serum ALP activity and inhibited reduction of serum albumin levelcaused by D-Gal, these effects reflect possible hepatoprotective effects of PTX.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36343.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36343_ab1392879d4779f006dfda4a8a6bae3e.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Marwa and Abd El-Aziz, Dalia}, title = {The Relations between Cadmium, Zinc and Oxidative stress in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {245-258}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2009.36344}, abstract = {Background: Cadmium (Cd) has been found to accumulate in male reproductiveorgans and induce male reproductive toxicity in several animal species. Objective: Tostudy the levels of Cadmium and Zinc in blood and seminal plasma ofoligoathenozoospermic men and to investigate their possible role and their relation tooxidative stress in pathophysiology of oligoathenozoospermia. Study Design: Bloodand seminal plasma were collected from thirty primary infertile males witholigoasthenozoospermic, and 30 control subjects. Cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn),malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were estimated inall samples. Results: The serum and seminal concentrations of Cd and MDA ofoligpasthenozoospermic group were significantly higher than those of control groups.Levels of blood and seminal plasma of Zn and SOD activity of infertile men weresignificantly lower than those of control group. The seminal plasma levels of Cd ofoligoathenozoospermic group were correlated positively and significantly with MDAlevels in seminal plasma. However, there were significant negative correlationsbetween seminal plasma levels of Cd and seminal levels of Zn and seminal SODactivity ,sperm count and sperm motility .There were inverse correlations betweenseminal plasma levels of MDA and SOD activity, sperm count and sperm motility inoligoathenozoospermic group. The results also shows that there was a positive andsignificant correlation between the seminal SOD activity and sperm motility ininfertile men. Seminal plasma levels of Zinc were negatively and significantlycorrelated with sperm motility of oligoathenozoospermic group. Conclusion:Cadmium may have adverse impacts on semen quality and male reproductive health.The pathophysiological mechanism of high Cadmium levels in oligoathenozoospermicmen is probably through induction of oxidative stress. Lowered levels of zinc maycontribute to infertility through its significant effects on semen motility. There iscompetitive mechanism of interaction between Zn in relation to Cd inoligoathenozoospermic men}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36344.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36344_8223a9cea78f6f6e2412334883ef2224.pdf} }