@article { author = {M., Nura and Sh., Nuri and Kh., Zienat}, title = {Amino Acids Profile in Mentally Retarded Libyan Children}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36755}, abstract = {Mental retardation is the most frequently occurring handicap in children. It interferes with learning, social and psychological development.This work was planned, to throw light on mental retardation in Libya, by studying the possible biochemical factors affecting the etiology of this medical and social problem. One hundred and thirty three mentally retarded Libyan children from both sexes were engaged in this study. They were grouped according to etiology of mental retardation into: Down’s syndrome (Group I), cerebral palsy (Group II)and other causes rater than DS or CP (group III). Serum levels of amino acids were assayed for all studied groups. The results obtained revealed that, the level of serum amino acids, serine, glutamine, histidine and arginine were significantly lower in group I than controls. In group II, the level of serum asparagine was statistically higher while the level of glutamine was statistically lower than control. Also, in group II, the levels of asparagine, serine, proline and histidine were statistically higher than group I. In group III, the levels of serine, histidine and arginine were statistically significantly higher than in group I. In group III, significant increase was detected as regards tyrosine, leucine and phenylalanine, while, only glutamine was lower than controls. Low level of serine was noticed to be specific in Down's syndrome in Libyan patients and in other patients as well. So the level of serum serine may be controlled by special diet or special treatment (drugs) to improve their I.Q levels. In conclusion,to confirm the biochemical results obtained from the present study in Benghazi and on a national level, a largerscale study should be performed on a larger sample size with more facilities to diagnose all types of abnormalities. Also, to evaluate the influence of other risk factors as dietary, cultural and environmental factors on the prevalence and different degrees of mental retardation among infants and children.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36755.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36755_75a16402b28b9f89f5353711c43bdfc1.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Mohamed and Abdel Mawla, M}, title = {Treatment of Male Infertility Using Some Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitors}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {11-16}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36760}, abstract = {Indomethacin administration at a dose of 25 mg, three times a day for ninety days to a group (n: 20) of oligospermic men caused an increase in sperm count and motility, a higher level of plasma testosterone and a lower seminal prostaglandin E than the corresponding values before drug intake. The pregnancy rate was 15% (3 out of 20). The present result indicates that indomethacin could be helpful in the treatment of some cases of male infertility.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36760.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36760_d978c23fe5321b55795da0401b0adc39.pdf} } @article { author = {EL-Karn, Mona and Meki, Abdel-Raheim and Madkor, Hafez}, title = {Effect of Green Tea and Vitamin C on Rheumatoid Arthritis of Male Albino Rat Induced with Collagen II}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {17-32}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36808}, abstract = {In the present study, the biochemical effects of vitamin C, and aqueous extract of green tea (GTE) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of rats were investigated. The oxidative stress indices and the antioxidant levels were evaluated. Forty albino male rats were divided into four groups (10 rats each): control group, collagen II -induced RA group (C II group), CII group treated with vitamin C (C II + Vit. C), and CII group treated with green tea extract (GTE) (C II + GTE). After 6 weeks of antioxidants treatment, the plasma levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), ceruloplasmin (PC), and glutathione (GSH) were detected using colorimetric methods. The plasma levels ofcopper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)were determined using atomic absorption/flame emission spectrometer. In C II treated group, the levels of LPO, NO, CP and Cu were significantly higher but the levels of; GSH and Zn were significantly lower than controls. The levels of GSH and Zn were significantly increased but the levels of NO, Cu and CPwere significantly decreased in the vitamins C treated groups in comparison with C II –treated group. In the C II + GTE group, the levels of LPO, NO, CP and Cu were significantly decreased but the levels of GSH, and Zn were significantly increased in comparison with C II –treated group. The present study suggests that proper antioxidants intake may reduce free radical generation and improve antioxidant status in RA. GTE and vitamin C may effectively normalize in different degrees the impaired oxidant/ antioxidant system and may be useful in delaying the complication of RA.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36808.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36808_2dfff8e5fedb39bcef4d2c690bd106fe.pdf} } @article { author = {Fouda, E and Abd El Fatah, S and Barakat, M and Anees, Lubna}, title = {The Immune Modulatory Effect of Allergen Specific Immunotherapy in Treated Asthmatics}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {33-46}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36814}, abstract = {Apoptosis is programmed cell death without induction of an inflammatory response. It is mediated by Fas–a cell surface protein which is expressed on activated lymphocytes. Interaction with its counterpart- the FasL induces the apoptosis of Fas bearing cells. The mechanismunderlying successful immunotherapy has not been identified. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether immunotherapy affect Fas expression on T lymphocytes in asthmatic patients and to investigate its potential ability to shift the Th1/Th2 balance ofimmune response to allergic reaction in asthmatic airway. The study was conducted on 30 asthmatic subjects and 10 healthy control subjects. The asthmatic patients were treated with immunotherapy for more than one year. Blood samples were collected at basal time (before treatment) and one year after therapy (the end of the building up phase). The percentage of positive T cells expressing Fas on its surface was determined using flow cytometryic analysis technique. The expression of Fas on asthmatic patients was significantly higher than in control subjects which decreases after immunotherapy but showing no evidence of apoptosis, levels of IgE, IL-4 were decreased significantly after treatment, also, level of IFN-γwas increased significantly.Conclusion:although high percentage of the Fas expressed in studied asthmatic group but with no clear evidence of apoptosis, may be a non concomitant increase in FasL which interfere with the apoptotic process in such asthmatics and might be a contributing factor in asthma pathogenesis. Thus, the lack of parallel increase of FasL to the increased Fas could explain the impaired apoptosis of the T- lymphocytes. It could be concluded that immunotherapy have a role in skewing the cytokine profile in asthma and maintain the balance between Th1/Th2.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36814.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36814_befed637a6dfec86f0b86d34fac82080.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Hakim, Selim and Mahmoud, Yehia}, title = {Effect of Leptin on Cold Restraint-Induced Gastric Lesions in Albino Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {47-58}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36819}, abstract = {Leptin, 167 amino acid peptide hormone, is secreted by adipocytes, has been found to be present in the gastric mucosa. The locally secreted leptin was proved to have a cytoprotective effect. To investigate whether exogenous leptin may be implicated in gastric mucosal protection, male albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups of six rats each. The rats of control (C) group were left freely wandering in their cages. The rats of cold restraint stress (CRS) group were exposed to cold restraint stress for three hours. The rats of leptin (L) group were given leptin subcutaneously (SC) in a dose of 10 g/kg/rat 30 minutes before subjection to CRS. The rats of famotidine (F) group were given famotidine SC in a dose of 50 mg/kg/rat just before subjection to CRS. The rats of L-NAME group were injected with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in a dose of 25 mg/kg/rat SC 15 minutes before giving leptin and 45 minutes before being exposed to CRS. The rats of indomethacin (I) group were injected with indomethacin SC in a dose of 10 mg/kg/rat followed 30 minutes later by leptin (10 g/kg/rat, SC) and exposure to CRS. Pyloric ligation was done in all animals at the beginning of the experiment to collect the gastric juice for analysis. The juice was analysed to determine its volume, pH, free and total acid concentration (FAC and TAC), proteolytic activity and mucin concentration. Lesions of gastric mucosa were scored, the ulcer index (UI) and preventive index (PI) were calculated. Gastric mucosa was scrapped and stored at –80 oC until used for assay of gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2(PGE2). Exposure to CRS significantly reduced gastric juice volume, pH and mucin concentration and gastric mucosal PGE2and significantly increased gastric juice proteolytic activity and acidity (FAC and TAC) in CRS group compared with C group. CRS induced ulcerative lesions in all rats achieving an UI of 19.25. Administration of leptin or famotidine before exposure to CRS significantly increased gastric juice volume, pH and mucin concentration and gastric mucosal PGE2 and significantly decreased gastric juice proteolytic activity in L and F groups compared with CRS group. Both leptin and famotidine exhibited profound protection of gastric mucosa against CRS-induced lesions achieving an UI of 9.5 and 9.75 in L and F groups respectively. This was evident from the PI which was 50.65 and 49.35 in L and F groups respectively. Administration of L-NAME or indomethacin before exposure to CRS aggravated CRS-induced gastric mucosal lesion achieving an UI of 10.75 and 14 in L-NAME and I groups respectively. It could be concluded from the present study that exogenous leptin has an ulcer preventing ability in case of CRS which is comparable to that of famotidine, the famous H2antagonist. The mechanism of ulcer prevention of leptin may involve the cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide pathways. These results may have consequence for the clinical practice.}, keywords = {leptin,cold restrained stress (CRS),gastric mucosa,N G-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME),famotidine,Indomethacin,nitric oxide synthase (NOS)}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36819.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36819_75bccc99299d6cb129d118043ac70dbb.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Hakim, Selim and Abdel-Raheem, Salama}, title = {Gastric Mucosal Protective Action of Nicorandil against Gastric Lesions Induced by Indomethacin}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {59-76}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36836}, abstract = {The present investigation was an attempt to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of nicorandil in indomethacin-induced ulcer model. The drugs selected in that investigation included: nicorandil (KATPchannel opener), glabinclamide (KATPchannel blocker), cimetidine and indomethacin. Male albino rats weighing 150-200 grams were fasted for 24 hours prior to the experiment. Pyloric ligation was performed 2 hours after indomethacin administration. Rats were randomly divided into the following groups of 10 rats each: Control (C)group, non pretraeted indomethacin (I)group, cimetidine pre-treated(CI), tween 80 pre-treated(TI), glibenclamide pretreated(GI), nicorandil pre-treated(NI)and nicorandil + glibencalamid pre-treated(NGI) indomethacin groups. After 5 hours from indomethacin administration (and 3 hours from pyloric ligation), rats were sacrificed. Their stomachs were removed, opened along the greater curvature and the gastric contents were collected for analysis of gastric juice parameters (volume, pH, total and free acid concentration, pepsin concentration and mucin concentration). The stomachs were washed with ice-cold saline and scored for macroscopic gross mucosal lesions. The stomachs were washed with indomethacin and stored at -80oC until used for assessment of gastric mucosal lipid peroxides, histamine, PGE2and nitrites. Results: Ulcerative lesions were observed in indomethacin treated rats where the ulcer index (UI) mounted to 18.1 ± 1.04. Nicorandil significantly protected rats against gastric ulceration. Indomethacin insignificantly altered gastric juice volume, pH, total and free acid concentration, pepsin and mucin concentration. Cimetidine significantly protected rats from gastric mucosal ulceration, and significantly reduced gastric juice volume. Pretreatment with glibenclamide did not alter gastric lesion UI while it significantly increased gastricjuice volume, free and total acid concentration. Co-administration of glibenclamide with nicorandil significantly decreased gastric juice pH and mucin concentration and significantly increased gastric juice volume, free and total acid concentration. The increase in gastric mucosal histamine and nitrite contents observed with nicorandil was not affected by co admistration of glibenclamide with it.Conclusion:nicorandil significantly protected gastric mucosa from indomethacin-induced lesion. The mechanism underlying that protection involves mainly KATPchannel opening, leading to decreased gastric acid secretion and proteolytic activity, NO donation, reduction of lipid peroxidation and normalization of the detrimental elevation of gastric mucosal nitrites level. Histamine and PGE2do not seem to contribute to nicorandil’s gastroprotective effects.}, keywords = {Nicorandil,gastric mucosa,Indomethacin,cimetidine,Glibenclamide,ulcer index}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36836.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36836_dd2a242431f14f0564db2151ad937a99.pdf} } @article { author = {EI-Gharieb, Mahmoud and El-Masry, Thanaa}, title = {A Study on the Protective Effects of Zinc Sulphate, Nicotinic Acid and Nigella Sativa on Alcohol Induced Gastric Lesion in Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {77-90}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36837}, abstract = {The present study was conducted to study the protective effects of zinc suiphate (ZnS), nicotinic acid (NA) and Nigella sativa on the alcohol induced gastric lesion in male albino rats. The study was carried out on (48) adult male albino rats weighing 200-250 gms. The rats were divided into two equal groups, then. Each group was subdivided into four equal subgroups. Group (A): The normal rats which are subdivided into: subgroup (l): control group subgroup (2): the rats were intraperitoneally injected by zinc sulphate subgroup (3) the rats were intraperitoneally injected by nicotinic acid and subgroup (4) the rats were orally administrated Nigella Sativa oil daily for two weeks. Group (B) The rats were subdivided into: subgroup (l): rats were administrated ethanol 40% orally for two weeks, subgroup; (2): the rats were administrated ethanol 40% orally and intraperitoneally injected by zinc sulphate, subgroup (3) the rats were administrated ethanol 40% oral!y and intraperitoneally injected by nicotinic acid and subgroup (4) the rats were administrated by ethanol 40% orally with Nigella Sativa oil orally daily for two weeks. After the last dose of eachgroup, the animals were left for one hour then anaesthetized by ether. The gastric secretion was collected in the acute rat fistula. The abdomen was incised and both the stomach and the duodenum were exposed. The gastric secretion was collected for the analysis and sections were taken for histological examination. The results showed significant increase of gastric mucin content, and glutathione and significant decrease in the volume of the gastric secretion, peptic activity, free acidity and gastric histamine content in ethanol induced gastric lesion with either zinc sulphate, nicotinic acid and Nigella Sativa oil. histopathological picture showed improvement of hemorrhage, edema and increase in the mucus layer thickness and regeneration of the gastric mucosal erosion. It is recommended to increase the administration of zinc sulphate, nicolinic acid and Nigella Sativa to patients with gastric ulcer.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36837.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36837_df4be6ae820b47895d384ee7163b4545.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Marwa and Ahmed, Omayma and Hassan, Asmaa and Mostafa, Tarek}, title = {Effect of Glutathione on Blood Pressure, Postnatal Lung Growth and Neonatal Outcome In A Rat Model of Pre-Eclampsia}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {91-106}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36839}, abstract = {Background: Pre-eclampsia is a human pregnancy-specific disorder that adversely affects the mother (by vascular dysfunction)and the fetus (by intrauterine growth restriction). A large portion of the prenatal mortality is consequently due to iatrogenic prematurity. Up to 15% of preterm births is a result of pre-eclampsia . The combination of hypertension plus proteinuria markedly increases the risk of prenatal morbidity and mortality over that of hypertension alone.Aim of the study:To elucidate the effect of addition of glutathione on lipid peroxidation products, blood pressure, proteinuria and neonatal outcome in a rat model of pre-eclampsia induced by NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Study Design: Adult pregnant rats (n =30) were allocated into three groups according to medication they received on day 17 from gestation to term. Rats were randomized into control group (n=10) and groups received L-NAME, 50 mg/day orally. (pre-eclampetic group, n = 10) and L-NAME + glutathione, 60mg/kg i.p. (treated group, n= 10) Blood levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed .Mean systolic blood pressure (BP) (measured with a tail – cuff device), levels of proteinuria,total urine output ,pups birth weight and percentages of live and dead pups were recorded. Results: Mean systolic BP, plasma levels of SOD, CAT and MDA of pregnant rats were higher in pre-eclamptic group than in control group. Intreated group these plasma levels were lower than in pre-eclamptic group but still higher than those of control group. A positive correlation between systolic BPs on day 20 and SOD levels was recordedin both pre-eclamptic and treated groups. Birth weights of pups were higher in the control group than in the other groups. Pupsof treated group with glutathione had better survival rates than those of control and pre-eclamptic groups. The mean total body weight, lung weight, internal alveolar wall thickness and internal alveolar surface area of pups of pre-eclamptic group were significantly higher than those of control and treated groups. Histological changes: The lung specimens of pups of pre-eclamptic mothers showed irregular, collapsed, small alveoli. The lumnia of these alveoli contained oedematous fluid rich in erythrocytes. The interalveolar speta were relatively thickened and more cellular than control. The treated group showed more or less the same morphological findings as the control group.Conclusion:In this rat model of pre-eclampsia, hypertension, proteinuria, oxidative stress of pregnant rats, a high neonatal death rate and pathological changes of lungs structure of pups, are reversed by exogenous antioxidant use.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36839.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36839_2b7fa6b24f81865083f1ce7684a19b25.pdf} } @article { author = {El Fasakhany, Fathy and Abd El-Aleem, Ghada and Abd. Elaziz, Usama and Elsaied, Ayman and Abou-ElNoeman, Saad}, title = {Lipid Profile, Body Mass Index and Paraoxonase 1 Activity: Do They Correlate with Paraoxonase1 192 Polymorphism in Egyptians with Coronary Heart Disease}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {107-120}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36840}, abstract = {Serum paraoxonase (PON1) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) are tightly associated and can protect low density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidative modifications by hydrolysis of lipid peroxides and therefore could retard the onset of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present work is to study PON1 activity and restriction fragment length polymorphism (Gln192–Arg polymorphism) in 30 Egyptian patients with angiography proven CHD and 30 control subjects. PON1 192 polymorphisms were analyzed from the genomic DNA of 30 patients and 30 healthy controls by PCR. Plasma PON1 activities were measured by the hydrolysis of paraoxon using spectrophotometer at 405 nm. Other parameters were determined using standard biochemical tests. Distribution or frequency of PON-1 polymorphism among patients is not statistically significant compared to the PON-1 activity which was significantly lower in subjects with CHD than control subjects.}, keywords = {Coronary heart disease,Paraoxonase,antioxidants,Lipoproteins}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36840.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36840_7a577ed71500d224b71363d5a7210a1e.pdf} } @article { author = {AlBatch, Manal and ElFasakhany, Fathy and Sheta, Abdel and Kasim, Safwat}, title = {Effect of Melatonin on SomeOxidative Stress Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {121-140}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36843}, abstract = {Diabetes mellitus has been shown to be a state of increased free radicals and disturbance in antioxidant defense system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of melatonin on some oxidative stress parameters in both blood and tissues, liver and pancreas, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Three groups of rats were used, control group, diabetic group and a group of diabetic rats treated with melatonin. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was used as a marker of lipid peroxidation, advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) level as a marker for protein damage and activity of antioxidant enzymes; glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and paraoxonase (PON) were, also, assessed. Liver and pancreatic malondialdehyde and plasma AOPP levels were significantly reduced but serum PON1 and pancreatic GPx activities were significantly increased by melatonin treatment. Liver GPx activities showed no significant differences among all studied groups. Microscopic examination of liver showed improvement of the morphological and histopathological changes induced by diabetes. These data suggested that melatonin treatment has a partial therapeutic effect in diabetes by reduction of oxidative stress and by stimulation of various antioxidant enzymes.}, keywords = {STZ,Melatonin,Oxidative Stress,MDA,Diabetes mellitus}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36843.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36843_e38e2b2530ba533d977dfc9c4b2aa46d.pdf} } @article { author = {H, Yousri and F, Mohamed and G, Amal and Ali, Mohamed and A., Haidy}, title = {Role of Serum Interleukin–10 as a Marker of T-helper 2 Activity in Egyptian Chronic Hepatitis C Patients}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {141-152}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36844}, abstract = {The present study included 45 subjects classified into three groups: Group I (control group) which comprised 15 healthy individuals, group II which comprised 15 patients with positive ELISA test for hepatitis C,but negative PCR test for HCV RNA and Group III which included 15 patients with positive ELISA test for hepatitis C and positive PCR test for HCV RNA. As regards IL-10 level the present study showed that there was highly significant increase in the level of IL – 10 in group II and III when compared with control group (p< 0.001) as positive ELISA test for hepatitis C and positive PCR test for HCV RNA was an indication to the activity of HCV. It just indicated that the patient was carrier of HCV infection.The study revealed a positive significant correlation between IL10 and ALT, AST, GGT and ALP. In conclusion, from the present study, it could be concluded that IL -10 as a marker of T- helper 2 activity increases with chronic hepatitis C and that increase is related to the increased chronicity of the disease so it may be a useful marker in diagnosis of hepatitis C patients.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36844.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36844_ea8b65bbdb3831429286abb17da14983.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Hakim, Selim and Abdel-Raheem, Alaa-Eldeen}, title = {The Cardioprotective Role of Carvedilol, A Non-Selective -Adrenoceptor Blocker, in Albino Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {153-170}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36845}, abstract = {The present work aimed to study the effects of carvedilol, a third generation -blocker with antioxidant and -blocking activities, on glycemic control and cardioprotection in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) induced in rats by high fat diet (HFD). Seventy-two male albino rats (5 weeks of age) weighing 80-90g were exposed to dark/light cycle of 12/12 hours and randomly divided into six groups, each of 12 rats. Rats of Control Groupwere fed standard rat chow. Rats of HFD Groupwere fed HFD for induction of type 2 DM. Rats of the last 4 groups were the Carvedilol-S Group, the Carvedilol-L Group, the Propranolol Groupand the Aminoguanidine Group.They were fed HFD and treated with carvedilol (2mg/kg/day), carvedilol (20 mg/kg/day), propranolol (30 mg/kg/day) and aminguanidine (20 mg/kg/day) respectively All drugs were given orally by gavage in the morning. The animals were under feeding and subsequent treatments daily for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed, blood samples collected, centrifuged and sera were separated and stored at -80°C till the time of analysis. The epididymal fat pads and one of the gastrocnemius muscles were excised, blotted dry and weighed and the weight ratio was recorded as the body composition index (BCI). Hearts were rapidly exposed and excised, washed in cold phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, blotted dry and weighed. The ratio between heart weight and body weight was calculated as heart weight index (HWI). Immediately, the hearts were flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept frozen at -80°C until the time of analysis. The parameters assayed were: serum lipid profile, lipid peroxides, insulin, glucose, myocardial lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, nitric oxide (NO)and oral glucose tolerence test (OGTT) where rats were fasted for 15 hours and glucose was given by gavage at a dose of 2 g/kg then 6 blood samples were taken from retroorbital vien at half hour intervals. Results:HFD in male albino rats for 12 weeks induced type 2 DM. Dyslipidemic changes in these animals were observed as increased serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoporotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs) and decreased levels of high density lipoporotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, HFD induced oxidative and nitrative stress as evidenced by the increase in serum and myocardial levels of lipid peroxides and concomitant decrease in myocardial SOD and CAT and increased NO metabolites. HFD also induced cardiovascular complications as indicated by increased HWI in the HFD group. Administration of carvedilol in both dose levels had positive impact on glucose  homeostasis and lipid profile in HFD-fed animals. Propranolol, on the other hand, had an ameliorative effect on glucose metabolism but did not improve dyslipidemic changes induced by HFD and diabetes. In addition, administration of aminoguanidine had slight effect on glucose tolerance and lipid profile. No appreciable differences were observed among the four treated groups with regard to glucose homeostasis. The best effects of the drugs under investigation regarding prevention of dyslipidemia were attributed to large dose carvedilol followed by small dose and aminoguanidine while propranolol did not prevent development of dyslipidemia. Oxidative stress was antagonized to variable extents in the four drug treatment regimens. The best results were attributed to carvedilol in both dose levels. However, both propranolol and aminoguanidine showed antioxidant activities. All the three groups on -blocker regimen displayed normalization of myocardial NO level. Conversely, aminoguanidine decreased this level dramatically.Conclusion:carvedilol showed dose-dependent improvements on glucose and lipid homeostasis, oxidative and nitrative stress. However, better effects were observed with the small dose on myocardial antioxidant activity. These effects might contribute but do not fully explain the dose-independent cardioprotection observed in the present study.}, keywords = {High fat diet,Lipid profile,lipid peroxides,-blocker,antioxidants,SOD,CAT,NO,Type 2 diabetes mellitus,Diabetic cardiomyopathy,Cardioprotection,Carvedilol,Propranolol,Aminoguanidine}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36845.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36845_85be0ce8f89cb82a2773c4df993a5eb9.pdf} } @article { author = {Ismail, Azza and Kader, Shehab and Abo EL Fadl, Soheir and El Tablawy, Nashwa}, title = {Immune System Response to Aerobic Exercise Training in Obese Females}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {171-182}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36847}, abstract = {Background: Obesity has a bad impact on immune system; on the other hand moderate exercise increases the resistance to infection. The aim of this study was to determine the response of complement system to aerobic exercise training in obese females. Subjects and methods:Thirty obese females participated in this study and they were divided randomly into two equal groups; the exercise group (group-1) which received aerobic exercise training for 4 months and the non-exercised group (group-2) which maintained their ordinary life style. Thirty age-matched non-obese females were the control group. Measurements of serum complement proteins (C3 and C4) were done at the start and at the end of the study, also the body mass index (BMI) was calculated at the start and at the end of the study. Results:at the start of the study; there was a significantly high levels of C3 & C4 in obese compared to the control (non-obese) females (P=0.000). At the end of the study; there was a significant decrease in BMI, C3 & C4 in the exercise group compared to the non-exercised group, also there was a significant differences between the measures at the start and at the end of the study in the exercise group as regards BMI, C3 & C4. Conclusion: obesity causes changes in the immune system as documented by increase in C3 & C4 levels. Moderate aerobic exercise produced weight reduction and decreased the abnormally elevated complement components (C3 & C4) in obese females; so improving the immune system.}, keywords = {complement system,Aerobic exercise,immunity and obesity}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36847.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36847_bb861a154672563b304eed670251b7e2.pdf} } @article { author = {Baalash, Amal and Hamouda, Hala and Ibrahim, Bedir and Yassein, Ibrahim and Ismail, Ghada}, title = {Heat Shock Protein 70 and IgE as Inflammatory Mediators, are Early Predictors of Myocardial Ischemia and Recovery Markers after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {183-194}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36849}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify levels of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70), total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Method:Heat shock protein 70, IgE, MMP-9, creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured in normal subjects (n=20), and in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris who were referred for electiveCABG, before and after performing CABG-surgery (n=20). Result: Compared with normal subjects, increased heat shock protein 70 and IgE levels but unchanged MMP-9 level, and activities of CPK-MB, LDH were found inthe pre-operative patient group. Heat shock protein 70, and IgE levels in the post-operative period were significantly reduced when compared to pre-operative period. Conclusion: On the basis of these results it could be conclude that, heat shock protein 70 and IgE might be used as markers for detection of early minor myocardial damage, and coronary insufficiency with less overt damage than myocardial infarction, as significant changes in their levels appear before occurrence of in anychanges in the levels of MMP-9, CPK-MB and LDH. Besides, heat shock protein 70, and IgE returning to the normal levels after CABG surgery, suggests that they could be helpful to evaluate the effect of CABG surgery.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36849.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36849_cb291cbe7cab7b6852bd01a77fb190e9.pdf} } @article { author = {Hussein, Yousri and E, Yousri and E, Wael and E, Osama and Ali, Mohamed and E, Eman}, title = {MAGE-1 Gene m-RNA and VEGF in Blood as Potential Biochemical Markers for HCC in HCV Infected Patients}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {195-212}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36950}, abstract = {In the present study serum vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and MAGE -1 m- RNA determination in blood by RT- PCR were assayed in seventy five individuals classified into five groups: control group (group I) which comprised fifteen apparently healthy volunteers, group II which involved fifteen HCV infected patients without cirrhosis, group III involved fifteen HCV infected patients with cirrhosis, group IV included fifteen HCV infected patients with cirrhosis and early stage HCC and group V included fifteen HCV cirrhotic patients and late stage HCC. The results revealed that the frequency of positivity of MAGE-1 among the late hepatoma patients in group V was 60%, while in the early hepatoma patients in group IV the positivity was 13.3%. The results for VEGF revealed a significant increase of serum VEGF in group V compared to control, II& III groups and in group IV compared to group III. The obtained results of AFP, showed a significant positive increase of serum AFP in group V when compared with group II and III and in group IV when compared with group II and III. In conclusion,detection of MAGE-1 transcripts in blood, especially with follow up survey, may help to predict the prognosis and monitoring of the response to the therapy, and the serum VEGF level in HCC patients is directly correlated with the metastasis and recurrence of tumors and increases gradually with the progression of HCC.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36950.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36950_d72989bc80165660ca41243dd23ca290.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sawy, Sahar and Hashish, Amel}, title = {Role of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Plasma Ghrelin Level before and after Orchiectomy in Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {213-224}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36953}, abstract = {The aim of the present study is to investigate whether testosterone replacement therapy play a role on plasma ghrelin level before and after orchiectomy in male albino rats. Four groups of animals were studied, control group, control group received testosterone propionate (T.P) 300 µg/Kg subcutaneously (s.c) daily for 4 weeks, orchiectomized group and lastly orchiectomized group receiving T.P by the same regimen as group two. Blood samples were taken at the end of the experimental period for carrying out the hormonal investigations; also body weight was measured from all studied animals.The results of this work showed that subcutaneous administration of T.P to sham operated and orchiectomy rats produces significant decrease in FSH and LH, however it produces significant increase in total testosterone, free testosterone, ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and total body weight when these results compared to group one and three respectively. Conclusions:We can conclude that plasma ghrelin level significantly increase after testosterone supplementation in both sham operated and orchiectomy rats, also there are +ve correlation between ghrelin level and testosterone level (both total and free), IGF-1 and body weight & negative correlation between ghrelin and FSH & LH.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36953.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36953_2141dcb578871e0da249c6cd0b668ca1.pdf} } @article { author = {Elshennawy, Ahmed and El-Gharieb, Mahmoud and Hashem, Mohammad}, title = {Histophysiological Evaluation of the Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol and Dimethyl Diphenyl Bicarboxylate on Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {225-252}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36956}, abstract = {Arsenic, a widely studied medicinal and toxicological element, is known to induce oxidative stress and damage to cells. The present study was aimed at to assess the effect of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and/or DDB (dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate) with or without the chelator DMSA (Meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) on arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity. Fifty four adult malealbino rats were divided into nine groups. Group I was the control and received only intraperitoneal injection normal saline 2 times per week for two weeks. Group II was injected with sodium arsenite in normal saline 2 times /week for 2 weeks. Group III was injected with sodium arsenite and received oral DMSA daily for 2 weeks. Group IV was injected with sodium arsenite and received oral vitamin E (alpha –tocopherol) daily for 2 weeks. Group V was injected with sodium arsenite and received oral DDB daily for 2 weeks. Group VI received sodium arsenite, vitamin E and DDB for 2 weeks. Group VII received sodium arsenite, DMSA and vitamin E for 2 weeks. Group VIII received sodium arsenite, DMSA and DDB for 2 weeks. Group IX received sodium arsenite, DMSA, vitamin E and DDB for 2 weeks. Physiological and biochemical parameters were undertaken to measure Alanine Amino-Transferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino-Transferase (AST), Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). Histochemical and histpathological parameters were also undertaken to assess the structural-functional mirror changes. The results of this study showed that vitamin E and DDB were almost similar in their antioxidant hepatoprotective effects with stronger inhibiting action of DDB to lipid peroxidation while the greatest effect was achieved by their combination witha chelating agent like DMSA with restoration of almost the normal hepatic histology.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36956.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36956_016890c44b9c0708aaa87e5b64b66e09.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahmoud, Amany and Risk, Kareem}, title = {Evaluation of Homocysteine and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Changes in Age Related Macular Degeneration}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {253-264}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36961}, abstract = {Age-related maculopathy (ARM) and its late stage, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), are degenerative disorders of the central part of the macula. They are the leading cause of visual impairment and legal blindness among older persons. The cause of ARMD remains unknown, previous studies suggest an association of markers of angiogenesis, hemostasis, and endothelial dysfunction with ARMD. The role of homocysteine and PAI-1have been more controversial, so the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between levels of plasma homocysteine and PAI-1 and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Forty eight age –related macular degeneration cases (23 atrophic and 25 exudative neovascular forms) and 30 controls with matched age and sex distribution were included in this study. Body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, plasma leptin, homocysteine and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) levels were estimated. The present study points to an association of ARMD and dyslipidemia, and obesity. Also, there were a significant increase in the levels of plasma homocysteine and PAI-1 in exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration (“wet” type). There was a highly positive correlation between level of leptin and PAI-1 and BMI in exudative neovascular form. In conclusion,the present study provides solid evidence that impaired fibrinolysis probably related to obesity, acting in concert with hyperhomocysteinemia may be involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. The strategies aimed at reducing the level of homocysteine and controlling the overproduction of plasminogen activators inhibitor-1 might offer protection against retinal damage in blinding retinal diseases especially exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36961.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36961_e78c629348329d5cb0e428b75cfd13b6.pdf} } @article { author = {Hammad, Emad and Hassan, Asmaa}, title = {Serum Leptin Levels In Type-1 Diabetic Children and Adolescents versus Healthy Controls: Relationship to Age, Gender, Body Mass Index, Gonadal Hormones and Pubertal Stages}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {265-286}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36967}, abstract = {Background: leptin, the product of the obese (ob) gene is produced mainly by adipose tissues. Thus, it is thought to play a k ey role in the regulation of body fat mass. It appears to be an integral component of various hypothalamo-pituitary endocrine feedback loops. Impaired growth and pubertal delay had been observed in children with type -1 diabetes mellitus. Also they are more prone to develop obesity.Objectives: Since childhood and puberty are periods of major metabolic and endocrine changes, the present study was conducted to: (1) Evaluate developmental changes of serum leptin levels in children and adolescents with type -1 diabetes mellitus in comparison with matched healthy controls in respect with chronological age and pubertal stages (2) Evaluate if leptin concentration would be related to obesity observed in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes during puberty.The study included 60 children (32 girls and 28 boys) with age range between 6-16 years with a mean age of 11.7 ± 4.3 diagnosed as type -1 diabetes mellitus by the criteria of American Diabetes Association (ADA) as well as 48 healthy children (24 girls and 24 boys) with matched age and sex with diabetic patients. The patient and control children were grouped according to their chronological age into 4 groups (6-7yr , 8-10yr, 11-13yr and 14-16yr) and according to stages of puberty into 3 groups: prepuberty P1,early puberty P2 and overt puberty P3. Serum leptin levels and BMI were measured to all patients and controls. Also, serum testosterone in boys and serum estradiol in girls were measured by ELISA method. The results of the study showed that Serum leptin levels significantly increased parallel with age and with pubertal stages both in control and diabetic girls. The maximum levels were observed at 14-16yr age group and at overt stage of puberty. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in diabetic girls than controls at all studied groups. In control boys, leptin levels were significantly higher at 8-10yr and during P1 stage then a significant decline occurred thereafter. In contrast, the diabetic boys showed no such decline either with age or with pubertal staging. Diabetic boys had significantly higher leptin levels than control boys at all studied groups. Serum leptin levels in girls were significantly higher than boys either in control or diabetic children. Diabetic children (girls and boys) were significantly older than controls during P2 and P3 stage. BMI was significantly increased in diabetic children (girls and boys) than controls during P1,P2 and P3 stage whereas serum estradiol in diabetic girls and testosterone in diabetic boys were significantly lower than controls during P2 and P3 stages. Significant positive correlations were observed between serum leptin levels versus age, BMI and estradiol hormone in control girls (r=0.75, P<0.001,r= 0.64,P<0.001 and r=0.77,P<0.001 respectively). Also significant positive correlations were found in diabetic girls between serum leptin levels and each of age, BMI and estradiol hormone (r = 0.64, P<0.001, r = 0.72,P<0.001 and r = 0.66, P<0.001 respectively). In control boys significant negative correlations were observed between serum leptin level and each of age (r=-0.4, P<0.05) and testosterone hormone (r = - 0.62, P<0.001) whereas non significant with BMI. Significant positive correlations were found in diabetic boys between serum leptin levels and each of age (r = 0.67, P<0.001) BMI (r = 0.57, P<0.01), while the correlation with testosterone was non significant. In conclusion leptin appears to participate in various endocrinological and physiological process in human body. Among the more notable are obesity and pubertal delay-associated diabetes. Thus, it may be involved in regulation of body weight and signaling the onset of puberty and maintenance of reproductive function thereafter.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36967.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36967_d2cdb5549de7c4239949dcb67ab1c77e.pdf} } @article { author = {Taha, Saad and El-Sayed, Salah El Din and Ragy, Merhan}, title = {Effect of Ovariectomy with and without Replacement Therapy on Calcium Metabolism in Female Albino Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {287-306}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36986}, abstract = {Osteoporosis is a chronic, progressive disease of the skeleton characterized by decreased bone mass due to a reduction in both organic and non organic components. Women are more likely todevelop the disease, especially postmenopausal women. The aim of the present workwas to assess the effect of ovariectomy with or without replacement therapy on calcium metabolism in female albino rats and the possibility of preventing progression of osteoporosis by means of hormonal supplementation and to compare the effects of different supplementations. The present study was done on 90 adult female albino rats that were divided four weeks after bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) (except the control group) into nine equal groups as follow: Control group (non-ovariectomized), Ovariectomized group, Ovariectomized estrogen treated (30 μg/kg/day SC, 8 weeks) group, Ovariectomized progesterone treated (10 mg/kg/day SC, 8 weeks) group, Ovariectomized estrogen (25 μg/kg/day SC, 8 weeks) and progesterone (10mg/kg/day S.C., 8 weeks) treated group, Ovariectomized calcium treated (70 µL/day – calcium gluconate 0.24gm/ml- orally, 8 weeks) group, Ovariectomized calcitonin treated (10 IU/kg SC, 8 weeks) group, Ovariectomized calcitonin and calcium treated group, Ovariectomized vitamin D treated (0.5µg/kg orally, 8 weeks) group. Blood samples were collected, centrifuged and used for determination of calcium, phosphorous, parathormone and calcitonin serum levels. The left femur of each rat was removed, cleaned, weighted in air and in water and the bone density was determined. Fat-free dry femurs obtained by extracting the femurs for 48 h in 90% petroleum ether and dried in a forced-air oven at 900C until constant weight was obtained. The bone ash weight which contains the minerals was obtained after ashing at 6000C for 24 h. On the basis of the obtained weights the percentage of organic and non-organic components were calculated.The results obtained revealed that ovariectomy produced a significant reduction in bone mineral density (BMD), dry weight, ash content, femoral calcium content and organic matrix weight compared to the control group, indicating that there was a decrease in bone mass rather than a decrease in bone minerals. Serum calcium concentration did not show any significant change following OVX, serum calcitonin level decreased after OVX and increased with estrogen supplementation. The combination groups which were supplemented either with (estrogen and progesterone) or with (calcitonin and calcium)-with insignificant differences between them- increased BMD, dry weight, ash content, organic matrix weight and ash calcium content. The percentage changes in BMD were 18% and 17.3% in these groups respectively as compared to the ovariectomized group. Calcitonin decreased serum calcium level, increased partially BMD and increased significantly bone dry weight, organic matrix weight, ash content and ash calcium of left femur, compared to OVX group. The calcium supplemented ovariectomized group had insignificant difference with the ovariectomized group in all femur parameters. When it wss compared with the control group, there was a significant reduction in BMD. This finding could be explained that, calcium deposition in bone could be dependent on calcitonin level which was decreased by ovariectomy. So, calcium potentiates the effect of calcitonin on bone mass that ovariectomized calcitonin and calcium treated female group had better effect on bone mass than calcitonin therapy alone. The bone mass was greater by 16.31 % in vitamin D treated ovariectomized group, 15.96% in both estrogen and calcitonin treated ovariectomized groups and 15.6% in progesterone treated ovariectomized group when compared to OVX group. There was a significant higher serum phosphorus concentration in ovariectomized group compared to the control group, while other ovariectomized treated groups had serum phosphorus concentrations that were similar to those of the control group. There was an insignificant change in serum parathormone levels in the ovariectomized and the ovariectomized treated groups compared with the control group.In conclusion,the present study showed that the combination therapy either with estrogen and progesterone or with calcitonin and calcium was found to be the most effective treatment regimen in OVX rats.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36986.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36986_fc5c338e2ce4d9faf61f18b8e5918abf.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsayed, Salah El Deen and Fouad, Amr}, title = {The Hepatoprotective Effect of Nitric Oxide Modulators and Antioxidants in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Albino Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {307-324}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36990}, abstract = {Warm ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) of the liver is a major determinant of the outcome of a variety of clinical conditions. During the ischemic phase, tissue injury occurs due to oxygen deficiency. However, much injury arises with the restitution of the circulation (reperfusion injury), in which the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a fundamental role. Several studies have emphasized the positive effect of antioxidants in attenuating IRI in many tissues. The role of nitric oxide and its action as an oxidant/antioxidant is considered. The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential of NO in modulating warm IRI of the liver and its possible interaction with different antioxidants in a trial to minimize that injury. Seventy two albino rats were used in the present study. Rats were classified into the following groups (8 rats each): The 1st group of rats was subjected to 30min of ischemia followed by 60min of reperfusion. The 2nd group was Sham-operated rats underwent the same surgical procedure without interruption of the blood flow to the liver and served as controls. 3rd group L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated group, 50mg/k g (Sigma), the 4th, 5th, and 6th groups were the NO-donor, L-Arginine (Sigma) treated groups, in 3 different doses (100, 300, 500mg/k g). The drugs were administered intravenously 5min before ischemia-induction. The 7th group allopurinol (Sigma) treated group (50mg/k g), the 8th group desferrioxamine treated group (desferal) (Sigma) 100mg/k g and the 9th group vitamin C treated group (Sigma) 100mg/k g. Allopurinol was administered intraperitoneally 10min before the induction of ischemia, whereas desferal and vitamin C were administered intravenously 5min before the induction of ischemia. The left lobe of the liver of albino rats was subjected to 30 min warm ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and LDH) were determined as a measure of tissue injury. Plasma nitrite level was assessed as a measure of nitric oxide production. Hepatic levels of malondialdehyde were quantified to evaluate the oxidative stress, while those of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione served as a determinant of the antioxidant status. Thirty minutes of warm ischemia followed by reperfusion for 60 min inflicted signs of tissue injury accompanied by oxidative stress and exhaustion of tissue antioxidants and plasma nitrite level. This was exacerbated with the nitric oxide block er L-NAME. On the other hand, the nitric oxide donor (L-arginine) its lowest and intermediate doses (100, 300mg/k g) could attenuate that injury; while in its highest dose (500mg/k g) accentuated the injury. Treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor (allopurinol) was accompanied with a mild protective effect. Treatment with the iron-chelating agent (desferrioxamine) was accompanied with a substantial protective effect, while the treatment with vitamin C caused a moderate protection. The results clearly demonstrated that nitric oxide supply during IRI is up to a certain limit beneficial in ameliorating hepatic IRI, while its paucity was accompanied with accentuation of the injury. It seems that too high or too low level of NO is detrimental and aggravates IRI and its fine-tuning is a prerequisite to protect at least hepatic tissue. Furthermore, the results revealed that the antioxidant allopurinol did not practically improve the deteriorated livers subjected to IRI. Also, the results proved that iron-chelator (desferrioxamine) exhibited a very strong protective effect. The role of vitamin C warrants further elucidation, as its sole administration could confer protection to the liver against IRI.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36990.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36990_8fa05737af0ef57afe77273fe4d25cf3.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Karn, Mona and El-Deek, Sahar and Osama, Amany}, title = {Beneficial Effects of Ginger as Hypoglyemic, Hypolipidemic, Anti-obesity, Anti-oxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Agent in Adult Female albino Rats}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {325-336}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36994}, abstract = {Ginger is one of the more commonly used herbal supplements. Although often consumed for culinary purposes, it is taken by many patients to treat a variety of conditions. Currently, there is a renewed interest in ginger, and several scientific investigations aimed at isolation and identification of active constituents, and verification of the basis of the use of ginger in some of several diseases and conditions. The present work aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of ginger as hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The study included 4 groups of rats: control group (group I), high fat diet–induced obesity rats (group II), alloxan-induced diabetic rats (group III) and carrageenin–induced inflammation in rats (group IV). The ginger was administered orally in a dose of about 500 mg/Kg body weight for 8 weeks. Serum was analyzed for contents of blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HLD-cholesterol, nitric oxide, lipid peroxide, prostaglandin E2 and C-reactive protein. Results: The high fat diet-induced obesity rats group treated with ginger showed significant reduction in body weight (p<0.0001). Both high fat diet –induced obesity rats group and alloxan-induced diabetic rats group treated with ginger showed significant reduction in serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol and significant increase in serum level of HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001 for each). In addition, there was significant reduction in the serum levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxide (p<0.0001 for each). Finally carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats group treated with ginger showed significant reduction in serum levels of prostaglandin E2 and C-reactive protein (p<0.0001 for each). In conclusion: The results indicate that ginger has potential beneficial effects in conditions of obesity, diabetic dyslipidemia and could be considered as supplementary herbal therapy for prevention or treatment of obesity and diabetes. It protects tissues from lipid per-oxidations and inflammation and might be a promising candidate in prevention and or therapy for inflammation.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36994.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36994_9bb58bbc03dc412ba0391abd01c8ffc1.pdf} } @article { author = {Dief, Abeer and Abou-Heif, Hala}, title = {Level of Heat Shock Protein 70 in the Brain after Seizure Induction in Normo- and Hyperglycemic rats: Relationship to Neurotransmitters Level}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {337-350}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36997}, abstract = {Although heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has been suggested to be a stress marker or to play a protective role in brain injury, the relevance of its expression in epilepsy and hyperglycemia is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of Hsp70 in the rat hippocampus following pilocarpine induced seizure in normo- and hyperglycemic rat and its relation to glutamate and γamino-butyric acid (GABA) level. This study was carried out on 40 adult male albino rats divided into two main groups 20 rats per each; Group I: induction of seizures in normal rats; Ia: 10 control rats were injected with intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline. Ib: 10 rats were injected with pilocarpine (310-320mg/kg,ip) for seizure induction. Group II: induction of seizures in diabetic rats; 20 rats were rendered diabetic for one month by the injection of streptozotocin. Then they were subdivided into 2 subgroups; Group II a: 10 diabetic rats were injected with i.p. saline. Group II b: 10 diabetic rats were injected with i.p. pilocarpine. Development ofdiabetes was confirmed bymeasuring blood glucose levels in blood samples taken from tail vein.At the end of experimental period rats were sacrificed and the hippocampi were bilaterally dissected and handled to estimate levels of Hsp70, glutamate and GABA concentration. The results revealed significant increase in Hsp70 concentration in hippocampus after experimental seizures, Hyperglycemia alone was not associated with significant change in Hsp70 level in group IIa compared to control. Nosignificant difference in Hsp 70 level was found between hyperglycemic rats with and without seizure induction. Levels of glutamate and GABA were not changed significantly after pilocarpine administration. Hyperglycemia followed by seizure induction was associated with significant increase in glutamate and decrease in GABA level. On the other hand, hyperglycemia alone failed to exert any significant change in NTlevels. The current study therefore, suggested that Hsp70 could play a role in neuroprotection during an epileptogenic state as evidenced by low scores of seizure in rats and levels of NT; in addition, Hyperglycemia is associated with impairment of Hsp70 expression; therefore, the neurons were more vulnerable to the damaging effect of pilocarpine as showed in severe seizure attacks and significant changes in NT level.}, keywords = {Heat shock protein70,Hippocampus,Seizures,hyperglycemia,glutamate,γ amino-butyric acid}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36997.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36997_abb2332c654e1628555496514eed6f4d.pdf} } @article { author = {Abadier, Mamdouh and Omran, Faysal}, title = {A Possible Role of Serum Soluble TNF-related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) in Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus}, journal = {Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {351-364}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences}, issn = {1110-0842}, eissn = {2356-9514}, doi = {10.21608/besps.2008.36999}, abstract = {The present study aimed to estimate the serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to compare these levels to that estimated in patients with other autoimmune diseasesand to control levels. The study included 50 patients with SLE underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation. Disease activity was determined according to the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI score; ≤4: inactive & >4: active disease). The study also included 30 patients with diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=15) and Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG, n=15) and 10 healthy volunteers as control group. All study participants gave blood samples for ELISA estimation of serum sTRAIL concentration. The Clinical evaluation of SLE patients defined 27 patients with inactive and 23 patients with active SLE with mean SLEDAI score of 2±0.2 and 9.96±0.63, respectively. Mean blood levels of C3 and C4 were significantly (p<0.001) decreased, while mean CRP level and anti-dsDNA antibodies levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in patients with active SLE compared to those with inactive disease. Also, both total and differential leucocytic counts were significantly lower in patients with active compared to those with quiescent disease and 5 patients were neutropenic. Mean serum levels of sTRAIL were significantly higher in SLE patients, irrespective to the disease activitycompared to serum levels estimated in controls (P1=0.005) and in RA and WG patients (P2& P3=0.001). On contrary, serum sTRAIL levels estimated in RA and WG were non-significantly higher compared to control level (P1>0.05), also with a non-significantly higher levels in RA patients compared to levels estimated in WG patients (P2>0.005). Patients with inactive SLE had a significantly (P4=0.002) higher serum levels of sTRAIL compared to levels estimated in patients with active SLE. Serum sTRAIL showed a negative significant correlation with SLEDAI score and laboratory parameters of SLE activity. Conclusion: It could be concluded that TRAIL has a possible role in pathogenesis and initiation of activity of SLE and estimation of serum sTRAIL could be used as a specific marker for differentiation betweenSLE from other autoimmune diseases and between patients with active and inactive disease.}, keywords = {Systemic lupus erythematosus,serum,sTRAIL}, url = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36999.html}, eprint = {https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_36999_51a56d95e2191b01f24c8877762ac990.pdf} }