Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084241320210701Effect of Different Acute Exercise Intensities on the Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Subjects28329513869410.21608/besps.2020.36714.1070ENMamdouhEl-YamanyPhysiology department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptSamiaElewaPhysiology department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptEmanKhairyphysiology department, Medical research Institue, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptOla A.SalamaPhysiology department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.NohaKandilChemical Pathology department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptMonaSherifPhysiology department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20200721The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of an acute bout of different exercise intensities on modifying the inflammatory markers in overweight and obese subjects. Sixty adult males divided into: a control group (n=30) included normal weight subjects (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and an overweight (OW) and obese group (n=30) included subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Each group was randomly subdivided into three groups (n=10 each): low, moderate and high intensity exercise groups. Anthropometric measurements obtained and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured before and thirty minutes after twenty minutes incremental exercise, at 45%, 60% or 80% of predicted maximum heart rate, on a motor driven treadmill. Following an acute bout of moderate or high intensity exercise, OW and obese subjects showed significant increase in CRP and IL-6 levels; however, TNF-α levels significantly decreased. Nevertheless, an acute low intensity exercise induced no significant changes in any of the measured markers in the OW and obese subjects. In conclusion, an acute bout of moderate or high intensity exercise, but not low intensity exercise, induces an inflammatory response, characterized by a rise in levels of CRP and IL-6, and a decrease in TNF-α level in overweight and obese subjects.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_138694_cd4ba635432fd3b17d29f0d4ae9fcc38.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084241320210701Flaxseed Oil Supplementation Afford Comparable Therapeutic effect to Metformin in Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Rat model29631514112010.21608/besps.2020.38360.1071ENEmanKoliebPhysiology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.ShymaaMaherBiochemistry Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.KarimaEl-SayedPhysiology department, faculty of medicine, Suez canal university0000-0002-6350-5511Journal Article20200807Background: Pulmonary Fibrosis is a chronic lung disease characterized by scar formation and respiratory insufficiency. Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that has recently been shown to prevent lung fibrosis via NADPH oxidase-4 suppression. Flaxseed oil has been shown to be a potent antioxidant that attenuates oxidative damage by inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the proinflammatory cytokine production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. <br /> Aim: To investigate whether metformin and/or flaxseed oil could protect against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and if this protection is mediated by inhibiting NOX-4 signaling pathway and the synthesis and release of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.<br /> Material and Methods: Fifty adult male rats were randomized into 5 groups/10 rats each.Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by Bleomycin, delivered intratracheally at a concentration of 1.5mg/kg body weight once in group PF, MET, Flax and combined MET& Flax. Both metformin and Flaxseed oil were administered orally for 21 day after induction of PF. Withdrawal of blood samples for chemical and spectral assay of antioxidant markers was done. Histopathology and assessment of inflammatory and fibrotic markers and PCR expression of NOX4 gene were done.<br /> Results: There was a significant reduction in inflammatory cell count, histopathological score of inflammation and fibrosis in the three treatment groups. Also there was marked improvement in inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-a) and fibrotic markers (TGF-B and Col-1) in metformin group rather than flaxseed and combined group.Nox4 gene expression was significantly reduced in metformin treated group rather than other 2 groupshttps://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_141120_666aa702814d380b41619ff41aac365a.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084241320210701Role of Renin Angiotensin System in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Male Rats31633014112210.21608/besps.2020.39860.1073ENLashinSaadDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University &amp; Hours University, Egypt.AhmedShata2Clinical pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura university, Egypt.ManalHamoudaPharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Delta University for science and Technology, Gamasa, EgyptMona GaberElhadidyDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Journal Article20200925Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a necrosis of cardiomyocytes due to prolonged myocardial ischemia, the injured heart characterized by activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The cardiac effect of enalapril and losartan was determined in Isoproterenol (ISO) induced MI rat model. Methods: Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each, Group-I- Normal rats, group II-ISO (150 mg/kg once daily for two successive days), Group-III-Enalapril pretreated, and Group-IV-Losartan pretreated rats. Enalapril and losartan were given by gavage at dose 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively the treatment started 3 days before ISO injection and continue for 5 days after 2nd ISO dose. Results: ISO-induced group showed significant increase in the cardiac enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), accompanied with marked decrease in the catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) and Bcl2. Both enalapril and losartan induce significant reduction of cardiac enzymes and systolic blood pressure and improve oxidative stress which confirmed by reduction of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevation of antioxidant enzymes and markedly upregulated the expression of Bcl2, Nrf-2 and HO-1. Moreover, Both enalapril and losartan reversed the histopathological changes induce by ISO and thus exhibits its cardioprotective activity. Moreover, treated rats partially minimize myocardial necrosis and interstitial edema. In conclusion: Enalapril and losartan ameliorates oxidative stress, inhibit apoptosis and improve cardiac dysfunction by alteration of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. It also reduces cardiac enzymes and improves blood pressure without affection of serum K on short term therapy in MI.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_141122_8a7a99564433f2c1fa77ac7d67bc772c.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084241320210701Neuroprotective effect of Exercise on Alzheimer’s disease in rats: Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2- Related Factor 2 (NRF2).33134314112310.21608/besps.2020.44355.1074ENHebatallah MohammedAboudeyaHuman Physiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt0000-0002-0503-9444Trez NagyMichelHuman Physiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.Maha MostafaAttiaHuman Physiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.Azza SaadAbdouDepartment of human physiology,Medical Research Institute, Alexandria university, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20200928Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that leads to memory and cognitive impairment. Exercise is suggested to prevent it. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of moderate exercise on cognitive function, oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in the hippocampal tissue of experimentally-induced AD rats and the possible role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2- Related Factor 2 (NRF2) in mediating this effect. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into control and AD groups. Each group is further subdivided into sedentary and exercised ones. AD was induced by intraperitoneal injection with aluminium chloride (70 mg/kg b.w.) for 6 weeks. Exercise protocol was done by swimming 60 min, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The following parameters were evaluated in all groups: hippocampal tissue assessment of NRF2, amyloid beta, malondialdehyde, interleukin 6 and total antioxidant capacity. Assessment of cognitive performance was done using Morris water maze at weeks 3, 4 and 6 after AD induction. Results revealed significantly lower hippocampal NRF2 and TAC levels with significant higher Aβ, MDA, IL-6 and impaired cognitive dysfunction in sedentary AD rats. These were reversed by swimming exercise. NRF2 was negatively correlated with Aβ, IL-6 and MDA in both AD groups with positive correlation with TAC. In conclusion, moderate swimming exercise exerts neuroprotective effects in AD through improvement of cognitive function, restoration of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. The upregulation of NRF2 could mediate these effects. Therefore, targeting NRF2 could be promising as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_141123_d0b913e48ce819cf77c728ad49233fa5.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084241320210701Potential mechanisms underlying the renoprotective effect of empagliflozin, a novel selective sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor, against diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats34435714112410.21608/besps.2020.44458.1075ENMona AbdelAzimSaidPhysiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.Hend A.AbdallahPhysiology department, Faculty of medicine, Benha university, Benha ,EgyptJournal Article20200929Diabetic nephropathy is a major microvascular complication of diabetes and a primary cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. This study was designed to assess whether control of hyperglycemia with empagliflozin, a new sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor could improve the renal functions in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Thirty two adult male albino rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups. Group I; non diabetic control, Group II; non diabetic rats treated with empagliflozin, group III; diabetic rats and group IV; diabetic rats treated with empagliflozin. Diabetic rats treated with empagliflozin showed significant increase in body weight and significant reduction in Kidney weight, blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Empagliflozin also produced significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1). It also attenuated Kidney tissue oxidative stress. Empagliflozin showed a renoprotective effect in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats through its glucose lowering effect and by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and histopathological alterations. SGLT-2 inhibitor seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy for managing diabetes mellitus to slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_141124_6a7682d1d74f82e8c974fc27ae4db071.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084241320210701The protective role of hydrogen sulfide on skeletal muscle in cast immobilization model of hindlimbs in rats35837214112510.21608/besps.2020.44630.1076ENNehal HamedAbdel -Halimphysiology department - faculty of medicine-mansoura university -egyptShereen SamirEl-Sherbeinydepartment of physiology, faculty of medicine, mansoura university, mansoura, egyptKhaled HusseinEzamphysiology department- faculty of medicine-mansoura universityAya E.Abd El-HamedMedical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Mansoura University,Mansoura, EgyptSoheir AbbasHelmyMedical physiology, Mansoura UniversityHanaa GalalElserougyphysiology, faculty of medicine, mansoura universityJournal Article20200930Aim: Investigate the possible effect of H2S on skeletal muscle in cast immobilization model of hindlimbs in rats and the role of ATP sensitive K channels in the mechanism of action of H2S on skeletal muscle.<br /> Methodology: This study was conducted on 40 adult male rats weighing 180-250 grams. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Group (I) (Immobilized group) (I group) Group (II) (Immobilized and H2S group) (IH group) Group (III) (Immobilized with combined H2S and ATP sensitive K channels blocker group) (IHG group). <br /> All the three groups were maintained with plaster cast for two weeks. A group of negative control rats that not immobilized, not receiving any drugs were used Group (IV) (negative control group) (C group).<br /> At the end of the 2 week, the rats were sacrificed. Then, casts in immobilized groups were removed to obtain tibialis anterior muscles from immobilized and contralateral limbs. Biochemical, histopathologial, and immunohistopathological examination were studied.<br /> Results: The immobilized group showed significant deterioration in the contractile parameters and significant atrophic changes in tibialis anterior muscles. NAHS supplementation in (IH gp) can help in protection against myopathy as it showed significant alleviation of atrophic changes in tibialis anterior muscles. Addition of glibenclamide to NAHS treatment to immobilized rats (IHG gp) led to similar changes in tibialis anterior muscles as the immobilized group. <br /> <br /> Conclusion <br /> It is possible to conclude that H2S has a protective role in the cast immobilization rat model and it exerts its actions mainly through opening the ATP sensitive K+ channels.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_141125_6317ccaaf90dd5d3ef038104138f3235.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084241320210701Effect of Ginger and Cinnamon on Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Male Albino Rats37338814112710.21608/besps.2020.45577.1078ENMustafaAl-QulalyDepartment of physiology- Dominates Faculty of medicine- AlAzhar University - EgyptMohammad AOkashaDepartment of physiology- faculty of medicine- alazhar university egyptMohamed G.M.Hassandeparment of physiology faculty of medicine aalazhar university egyptJournal Article20201008Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder. It is a pathological state leads to long term complications causing damage of different tissue and organs as heart and blood vessels. Ginger is one of the most important plants with several medicinal, nutritional and ethnomedical values. Cinnamon contains proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins [A, C, K, B3], Minerals like Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorous, Sodium and Zinc. Aim of the work: Evaluation the effects of ginger and cinnamon extracts administration on diabetic adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Seventy adult male albino rats of local strain were divided into equal seven groups as follow: Group I: served as control group received normal saline, Group II: high fat diet control group, Group III: high fat diet diabetic control group, Group IV: High fat diet, diabetic and metformin group, Group V: high fat diet, diabetic and ginger group, Group VI: high fat diet, diabetic and cinnamon group and Group VII: high fat diet, diabetic, ginger and cinnamon group. Results: Metformin, ginger and cinnamon administration to diabetic rats leads a significant decrease of blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin level, cholesterol, TG, LDL, atherosclerosis index, atherogenic index, MDa, TNF α and CRP levels associated with significant increase in serum insulin and catalase levels. Conclusion: Metformin, ginger and cinnamon have a protective effect against abnormalities in diabetic rats due to its antioxidant properties.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_141127_e48d945eb8dcbd7efae85fa56e2351e8.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084241320210701Association of MicroRNA-30a rs1358379 single nucleotide polymorphism with susceptibility to hepatitis B virus Infection in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease38939814294210.21608/besps.2021.34575.1066ENAzzaElamirBiochemistry and molecular biology department, faculty of medicine, fayoum university, fayoum, egypt0000-0003-2985-6753RagabAlidepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt.AmrZahraMedical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.Journal Article20200703Background: Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) could be infective through blood transfusion or organ transplantation. MicroRNA-30a rs1358379 polymorphism plays a crucial role in the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). <br /> Objectives: We aimed at revealing the association between CC genotype of MicroRNA-30a rs1358379 polymorphism and occult HBV infection in ESRD Egyptian patients. <br /> Methods: We performed real-time PCR for the quantification of HBV-DNA in the serum of 139 ESRD patients and for diagnosis of MicroRNA-30a rs1358379 polymorphism in the serum of patients and 100 healthy controls. Results: Out of 139 patients, 125 (89.9%) were HBsAg negative. We observed a high percentage of the CC genotype among patients (106=76.2%), while the CT and TT genotypes were (19=13.7%) and (14=10.1%), respectively. The C allele represented 83.1% in patients whereas the T allele was 16.9%. The CC and CT genotypes in patients had a statistically significant difference in the mean level of PCR. The CT genotype in patients among males and the TT genotype amongst females had the higher statistically significant percentages. The presence of C allele declared a statistically significant difference in the mean levels of AST and PCR. Conclusion: We found that the high percentage of C allele or CC genotype of MicroRNA-30a rs1358379 polymorphism in ESRD Egyptian patients might be responsible for the existence of HBV DNA with lack of exhibited hepatitis B surface antigen.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_142942_8e1b1ab52bae5b902b911a1deb76ebae.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084241320210701Role of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Swimming Exercise in Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Rat Model39940914313210.21608/besps.2021.40955.1072ENMaiEladawyDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptMona FaroukMansourDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt0000-0002-8021-5348MohamedAbdoPhysiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia ,EgyptMagda IbraheimMohamedDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University0000-0002-6744-5827Journal Article20200829Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) is a major chronic complications of DMII. Clinical investigations have revealed that uncontrolled DM II is frequently associated with lower levels of BDNF. This study assessed whether diminished BDNF level is the reason of CAN caused by DM II and if swimming aerobic exercise can increase BDNF level to ameliorate that CAN . Sixty rats were divided into six groups. Group I; Normal (N), Group 2; BDNF blocker, Group 3; DM II, Group 4; DM II + BDNF, Group 5; DM II + Swimming exercise and Group 6; DM II + Swimming exercise + BDNF blocker. Induction of DM II was done by intraperitoneal injection of 180 mg/kg of Nicotinamide 30 minutes before injection of 50 mg/kg Streptstozin. Swimming exercise began with a 1-week adaptation with gradual increase of swimming duration until reaching 1h swimming/day at the end of the 1st week. Then, a 7-weeks training program with 5 days/week swimming was followed. The duration of the experiment was 8 weeks during which the following parameters were measured: body weight, random blood glucose “RBG” level, plasma insulin level, heart rate “HR”, systolic blood pressure “SBP”, heart rate variability “HRV”, baroreflex sensitivity “BRS”, vascular sympathetic tone “VST” and plasma BDNF. Results revealed that BDNF significantly improved RBG level, HRV, VMT and BRS. Swimming exercise significantly increases plasma BDNF level and also improved CAN. Conclusively, BDNF can be used as a treatment regimen for CAN. Also swimming exercise has great therapeutic effect on CAN maybe by producing BDNF.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_143132_d357c262967b1782c2c7e94d3993a8e0.pdfEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084241320210701Effect of L-Ascorbic Acid and Alpha-Tocopherol on The Monosodium Glutamate-induced Neurobehavioral Changes in Rats41042714313310.21608/besps.2021.47301.1082ENSafaa Mohamed El-kotbSalehMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Koum, Egypt.OmniaAmeenMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Koum, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.0000-0002-2517-4643Marwa SalahGadallahPathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Koum, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.Aya Saleh Abd ElazizSalehMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Koum, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.Hesham Ahmed DiaaAbdel-RazekMedical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koum, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt0000-0001-9890-1533Journal Article20201021Background: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is one of the most commonly used flavor-enhancing substances that may lead to neurological disorders. Objectives: The present work aimed to evaluate the role of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and -tocopherol (T) on the MSG-induced memory and neurobehavioral changes in rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats were randomized into five equal groups: (1) control group, (2) MSG group received MSG (2mg/g BW) daily, (3) MSG+A group received MSG as in MSG group, and AA (100 mg/kg BW) daily, (4) MSG+T group received MSG as in MSG group, and T (600 mg/kg BW) twice weekly, and (5) MSG+AT group received MSG as in MSG group, AA as in MSG+A group, and T as in MSG+T group. After 3 weeks, neurobehavioral changes were assessed by open field test and Y maze. Oxidative stress markers were estimated, and immunohistochemistry was studied in hippocampal region. Results: MSG resulted in impairment of memory and induction of anxiety, with increased hippocampal malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Treatment with AA or T improved all the measured biochemical parameters, and the MSG-induced hippocampal degenerative changes, with decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and synaptophysin expression. Combined administration of both vitamins was more effective in amelioration of MSG-induced impairments rather than taking AA or T alone. Conclusion: Both AA and T exhibit protective effects against neurobehavioral changes, oxidative stress and hippocampal degenerative changes induced by MSG toxicity, with more potent efficacy of their combination.https://besps.journals.ekb.eg/article_143133_6972cbd99c91cd162ef4aa8a88b576d5.pdf