Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084238120220101Assessment of the Metabolic Mediators: Fatty Acid Synthase, Lactate Dehydrogenase and miR-181a as Potential Diagnostic Markers in Colorectal Cancer Patients112809810.21608/besps.2018.8098ENAmani IYoussefDepartment of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University.Mohamed A.AhmedDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Military Academy of Medicine, Alexandria Armed Forces Hospital.MohamedSamirExperimental and clinical surgery department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University.Ibrahim M.MansourMedical Specialist, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sanaa university, YemenMostafa A.El NaggarDepartment of Cancer Management and Research, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University.Tarek S.El SewedyDepartment of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University.Journal Article20180623<strong>Background:</strong> Cancer cells support their growth and invasion by rewiring their metabolism. Therefore our aim was to explore the value of some metabolic mediators such as serum Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) level and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity as well as CEA, CA19-9 and plasma miR-181a levels as diagnostic markers and evaluating their relationship to the clinicopathological features in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The association of fasting blood sugar (FBS) and triglyceride (TG) levels as risk factors for colorectal cancer was also assessed. The study was conducted on 70 colorectal cancer patients and 30 controls. <strong>Results</strong>: CEA, CA19-9, FASN and miR-181a levels were significantly higher in sera of CRC patients compared to controls. miR-181a levels increased significantly according to stage and grade while CA19-9 increased significantly with grade not stage. LDH activity didn’t show significant difference between CRC patients and control except for stage IV. CA19-9 and FASN were significantly increased among males while miR-181a was significantly elevated in female patients. None of the markers showed significant difference according to tumour site. Weak positive and negative correlations were observed between FASN and TG, between LDH and FBS respectively. Moreover, moderate and strong positive correlations were observed between miR-181a and FBS, between CEA and CA19-9 respectively. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: FASN showed the best diagnostic value with 96% sensitivity and 95% specificity followed by miR-181a with 95% sensitivity and 90% specificity; both were superior to LDH, CEA and CA 19-9. Moreover, miR-181a had the best association with stage and grade compared to all other studied markers.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084238120220101Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism Taq in Egyptian Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome1326809910.21608/besps.2018.8099ENEman M.Abd El GayedMedical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University EgyptAlaa M.Abd El GayedObstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University EgyptJournal Article20180623Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest endocrine disorder affecting the women in childbearing period. Accumulating evidences from recent studies indicate that vitamin D receptor <em>(VDR)Taq1</em>(Tt) genetic variants may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome. The Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) regulates vitamin D levels and calcium metabolism in the body and these are known to be associated with insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This study aims to investigate the association of <em>VDR</em> polymorphism<em> Taq1</em>(Tt)and serum 25(OH)D level with PCOS. This study was carried out on140 subjects divided into 2 groups: 70 patients with PCOS (group I) and 70 healthy subjects served as controls (group II). All studied subjects were submitted to full history taking, general clinical examination and laboratory investigations for serum levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG), HDL-c,LDL-c, fasting insulin and 25(OH)D. Also genotyping of <em>VDR</em> polymorphism <em>( Taq1) </em>was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). Results showed high significant statistical differences between the two studied groups regarding BMI (P value <0.001),SBP (P value <0.001) ,DBP (P value <0.001), fasting insulin (P value <0.001), fasting blood glucose (P value <0.001) ,insulin resistance (P value <0.001) ,triacylglycerol (P value <0.001), LDL cholesterol (P value <0.001), serum level of 25 (OH) Vit D (P value <0.001) and <em>VIT D R Taq1</em> genotype distribution (p value<0.001) with increased frequency of the tt andTt genotype in patients with PCOS and increased frequency of TT genotype in controls. Conclusion: Our results indicate that tt genotype and t allele of <em>VDR TaqI</em> polymorphism and serum level of 25OHD might be risk factors for PCOS.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084238120220101At Admission Evaluation of the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP II) and Estimation of Serum Procalcitonin Allow Early Diagnosis of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis2737810110.21608/besps.2018.8101ENYehia H.Abdel MaqsoudDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversityAhmed A.SobeihDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversityEffatAssarDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversityDeena A.ElshabrawyDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversityManalHassanDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 6 October UniversityRaafat R.MohammedFellow and Researcher in Biochemistry, Clinical Pathology Department, Benha University, Benha, EgyptJournal Article20180623<strong>Abstract </strong>
<strong>Objectives:</strong> The study aimed to evaluate the discriminative ability of, at admission, estimation of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and procalcitonin (PCT) between neonates with various grades of early-onset sepsis (EOS) using the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP II). <strong>Patients & Methods:</strong> The study included 87 neonates with suspected EOS within the 1st week of life. All neonates were evaluated using the SNAP II and scores >40 indicate severe, 20-40 indicate moderate and score <20 indicate mild infection. At admission, venous blood samples were obtained for blood culture, total (TLC) and differential leucocytic count and ELISA estimation of serum hsCRP, IL-6 and PCT.<strong>Results:</strong> EOS neonates were categorized as Confirmed (n=44), Suspected (n=18) and EOS-free (n=25) according to severity of clinical sepsis and result of blood culture. Estimated laboratory parameters were significantly higher in patients than controls and in EOS than EOS-free neonates. Serum hsCRP and IL-6 levels could not, while PCT could differentiate between neonates with confirmed or suspected EOS. ROC curve analysis defined high serum PCT and IL-6, SNAP II score, neutrophil percentages, serum hsCRP and TLC as significant predictors for positive blood culture in decreasing order of significance, while Regression analysis defined high serum PCT as a persistently significant predictor for positive culture, followed by high serum IL-6 and high SNAP II score. Combined SNAP II scoring and serum PCT could define 61.4%, while combined estimation of serum hsCRP, IL-6 and PCT levels could define 52.3% of neonates with combined EOS. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Combined estimation of hsCRP, IL-6 and PCT could increase the diagnostic yield of neonatal sepsis; however, clinical evaluation using SNAP II score and serum PCT did better and could define neonates with positive blood culture earlier so as to allow early treatment.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084238120220101Role of Placental Mitochondria in Development of Pre-eclampsia: Focus on Mitochondrial Dynamics, Redox Signaling and Apoptosis3852810310.21608/besps.2018.8103ENSoha S.ZakariaDepartments of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityHanaa H.GaballahDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityAhmed M.HagrasDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20180624<strong>Background:</strong> Mitochondrial dysfunction has been incriminated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE). This study aimed at evaluating the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, redox signaling and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction in pre-eclamptic placenta. Forty pregnant females were classified equally into two groups: Group І (control group), included normotensive pregnant females and Group ІІ (PE group) included, pre-eclamptic pregnant females. After delivery, placental tissue samples were collected for estimation of mRNA expression levels of Mitofusin2 (Mfn2) using quantitative real-time PCR . Dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial Cytochrome c release ,and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) were measured by ELISA . Mitochondrial complex I, and citrate synthase enzyme activity were assessed spectrophotometrically. ATP levels, Caspase-9 activity , inorganic nitrites and nitrate levels ,and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by colorimetric assay kit. Pre-eclamptic placentae showed significant decrease in complex I, ATP levels and citrate synthase activity. mRNA expression of Mfn2 were downregulated with marked elevation of DRP1 protein levels .There were altered redox status as judged by the elevation of NO and protein nitration with reduction in the total SOD activity in pre-eclamptic placentae. There were also activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis as judged by release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol and significant increase in caspase-9 levels in Pre-eclamptic placentae compared to controls. Our data strongly nominated significant association between mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbed dynamics, altered redox status and the susceptibility to apoptosis in pre-eclamptic placenta as key players in the multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms of PEEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084238120220101Effect of Chronic Exercise on Irisin Plasma Level and Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Rat Models with Obesity or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus5365810610.21608/besps.2018.8106ENZeinabEL-SaidDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt0000-0001-7334-1015Gehan A.El-WakeelDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Amr M.AbbasDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Omayma M.SalehDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Mohamed E.SarhanDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Journal Article20180624<span lang="EN-US">Objective: To study the effect of swimming exercise training on plasma irisin level and browning of white adipose tissue in rats models with obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: 60 male rats were divided into 4 groups, I) Control group, II) Exercise trained group, III) Obese group: includes 2 subgroups; subgroup A received high-fat diet and subgroup B received high-fat diet associated with daily exercise training and IV) Type 2 diabetic group: includes 2 subgroups; subgroup A and B. Both subgroups have T2DM. Subgroup B, in addition, was associated with daily exercise training after induction of T2DM.</span><span lang="EN-US"> Plasma samples were analyzed for irisin, fasting </span><span lang="EN-US">insulin, </span><span lang="EN-US">fasting blood glucose and l</span><span lang="EN-US">ipid profile.</span><span lang="EN-US">Levels of uncoupling protein-1 <span>in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue homogenates (UCP-1 SAT) and </span>uncoupling protein-1 <span>in perinephric adipose tissue homogenates</span> (</span><span lang="EN-US">UCP-1 PAT</span><span lang="EN-US">) were measured.</span><span lang="EN-US">Results: Subgroup IIIA had significantly higher irisin levels and significantly lower levels of UCP-1 SAT and UCP-1 PAT compared with group I. Subgroup IVA had significantly lower levels of irisin, UCP-1 SAT and UCP-1 PAT compared to controls. Chronic exercise significantly increased irisin, </span><span lang="EN-US">UCP-1 SAT</span><span lang="EN-US">, and UCP-1 PAT levels in group II, subgroup IIIB and subgroup IVB. Conclusion: </span><span lang="EN-US">Swimming exercise </span><span lang="EN-US">increases the plasma irisin level in normal, obese and type 2 diabetic rats inducing </span><span lang="EN-US">browning of white adipose tissue</span><span lang="EN-US">. Irisin is increased in obesity which may be attributed to a state of irisin resistance. T2DM is associated with lower plasma irisin levels</span>Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084238120220101Invasive and Non-Invasive Evaluation of antifibrotic effect of Losartan on Experimentally Induced Liver Fibrosis: A Biochemical and Histological Study6676811010.21608/besps.2018.8110ENHeba M.El-hessyDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, EgyptNoha MHazemMedical Biochemistry department, Mansoura University, EgyptDalia M.SalehDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Kamal G.BotrosDepartments of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Journal Article20180624<strong>Background:</strong> Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Precise determination of liver fibrosis stage is crucial for the choice of optimal therapies. Liver biopsy is the most accurate method used to evaluate progression of chronic liver diseases but it has several complications<strong>.</strong> Recently many non-invasive markers (NIMs) for assessing liver fibrosis have been developed. <strong>Aim: </strong>This study was done to evaluate invasive method and non-invasive methods in assessment of CCl<sub>4</sub> induced liver fibrosis and the reversibility of liver fibrosis by angiotensin receptor blocker (Losartan). <strong>Methods:</strong> Forty-two adult albino rats were divided intoControl group (n =12), CCl4 treated groub (n = 18) and Losartan treated group (n=12). At the assigned times, serum SGPT and SGOT were assayed by thecolorimetric method and serum tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 1 (Timp1) by Elisa. Livers of rats were stained with H & E for histopathological examination, Masson trichrome and Sirius red for liver fibrosis, and Immunostaining for Timp1. <strong>Results & Conclusions: </strong>The results concluded that non-invasive methods can express the difference that occur in liver fibrosis but it cannot estimate its degree so it cannot replace the liver biopsy. Further research could identify other promising non-invasive methods.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084238120220101Plasma Circular RNA (0054633) Expression as a Biomarker for Prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes mellitus7788811310.21608/besps.2018.8113ENSallyEl-HefnwayMedical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University,
Egypt0000-0003-3090-0141NeveinAl-sheikhMedical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, EgyptHebaKasemInternal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.FatmaEl-EsrigyFamily Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.Journal Article20180624Background: Circular RNAs are a type of closed non-coding RNAs, lack the terminating 5'-cap<br />and 3'-polyadenylated tail structures that present in linear RNAs. They have higher biological<br />stability because of their resistance to RNA exonucleases and in some tissues; their expression<br />levels are ten times higher than other types of RNA. CircRNAs act as biomarkers for various<br />diseases including diabetes mellitus as they have been found to affect insulin secretion and β-cell<br />renewal. Objective: to investigate the role of circRNA (0054633) as a biomarker for pre-diabetes<br />and T2DM. Subjects & Methods: A total number of 149 subjects, selected from endocrinology<br />unit of Internal Medicine Department, and Munshaat Sultan Family Medicine Clinic Menoufia<br />university hospital, classified into three groups : group I were 55 T2DM patients, group II were 44<br />pre-diabetics and group III including 50 healthy subjects. Expression profile of circRNA<br />(0054633) in plasma of the studied subjects was analyzed by quantitative real- time polymerase<br />chain reaction (Q-PCR). Results: CircRNA (0054633) expression was significantly increased<br />gradually from controls to the pre-diabetes group to the T2DM group (p<0.05).The sensitivity of<br />CircRNA (0054633) expression for prediction of diabetes and prediabetes at cutoff point (2.95<br />,1.95) was (92.7%, 77.3%) respectivily and the specificity was (98% and 98.6%) respectivily.<br />The most significant pedictors for pre-diabetes were CircRNA (0054633) expression and BMI,<br />OR (59.8, 24.9 respectivily). Conclusion: Plasma CircRNA (0054633) expression could be<br />considered as a predictive and diagnostic biomarker for pre-diabetes and T2DM.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084238120220101Effects of Cadmium on Kidney Functions and Oxidative Stress In Albino Rats8999811410.21608/besps.2018.8114ENMohamedAdelDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.MohamedGhalwashDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Journal Article20180624<strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Cadmium (Cd) is widespread used in industry and extensively disseminated in the environment. As a result of the extensive use of cadmium (Cd) in industry and its extensive dissemination in the environment, numerous studies have focused on the identification of the early stages of Cd-induced renal injury in exposed persons. Following long-term low-level exposure, nearly one-third of the cadmium in the body will be found in the renal tissue. So, </span><span lang="EN-US">the aim of the present work is to </span><span lang="EN-US">evaluate the disturbed renal functions induced by cadmium exposure and its underlying mechanism.</span><strong><span lang="EN-US"> Materials and Methods:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US">Twenty male rats were divided into two main groups, ten rats per each group. </span><strong><span lang="EN-US">Group 1 </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">(n=10) was the Cd group in which rats </span><span lang="EN-US">were treated for 13 days with a daily dose of 1 mg CdCl2/kg body weight in sterile 0.9 % NaCl solution subcutaneously. </span><strong><span lang="EN-US">Group2 </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">(n=10) was the vehicle control, they received</span><span lang="EN-US"> equivalent volumes of sterile 0.9 % NaCl solution by subcutaneous injections</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US">cadmium administration led to a decrease in serum sodium and potassium level and increase their level in urine. It led to a significant decrease in creatinine clearance and a significant increase in the </span><span lang="EN-US">oxidative stress biomarker</span><span lang="EN-US"> tissue </span><span lang="EN-US">malondialdehyde</span><span lang="EN-US"> (MDA), as well as, and a significant decrease in serum total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, cadmium led to a significant decrease in glucose uptake by kidney (mg/gm wet tissue/h.) <strong>Conclusion:</strong></span><span lang="EN-US"> Cd has detrimental effects on kidney functions and renal handling of glucose and this effect is referred to its oxidative stress effect. </span>