Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Does Treadmill Exercise Affect Endothelial Functions In Type 2 Diabetic Patients?1143727310.21608/besps.2007.37273ENAzzaIsmailPhysical Therapy for Cardiopulmonary Disorders and Geriatrics
Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo UniversityAlsayedShanbPhysical Therapy for Cardiopulmonary Disorders and Geriatrics
Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo UniversitySoheirAbu El FadlInternal
Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityLailaRashedBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20070626Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of treadmill exercise <br />training program on nitric oxide (one of endothelial function) in patients with type 2 <br />diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Methods: Thirty type 2 non-smoker diabetic patients <br />selected from the outpatient diabetes clinic of Kasr El Aini hospital. Another thirty <br />age and sex matched non-diabetic healthy control subjects were included in this <br />study. The patients were medically controlled. They were not participating in any <br />form of physical activity and any dietary changes throughout the study. Nitric oxide <br />was measured for the patients and the control subjects at the beginning and at the end <br />of the study. The diabetic patients were divided into two equal groups: Group-I: <br />Fifteen patients practiced moderate treadmill exercise for 40 minutes per session <br />three times weekly for 8 weeks in addition to the oral hypoglycemic drugs. Group-II:<br />Fifteen patients received only the oral hypoglycemic drugs. Results: There was <br />significant reduction in nitric oxide level in diabetic patients (15.59+1.52) than <br />control subjects (23.3+1.99) (P = 0.000). The nitric oxide levels were negatively <br />correlated to the blood glucose levels (fasting & PPBG) in diabeticpatients (r= –0.57 <br />& -0.49; P = 0.008 & 0.01 respectively). Nitric oxide significantly increased after <br />treadmill exercise ingroup-I (22.08 +1.8), (P = 0.000)and its mean value approach <br />that of the control (P= 0.052). There was non- significant change in nitric oxide levels <br />in group-II at the end of the study (15.35 +1.68) (P = 0.797). Conclusion: Treadmill <br />exercise training program with moderateintensity in addition to the oral <br />hypoglycemic drugs increase production ofnitric oxide (improves endothelial <br />function) in type 2 diabetic patients so it was recommended to be applied for those <br />patients.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Association between the Levels ofB- type Natriuretic Peptide, and C-reactive protein in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure15283728110.21608/besps.2007.37281ENSaharEl-deekBiochemistry Department,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityMohamedHasanBiochemistry Department,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityRamadanSaidInternal medicine Department,
Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityJournal Article20070626Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased morbidity and <br />mortality in cardiovascular disease. Apart from traditional risk factors, chronic <br />inflammation, and increased left-ventricular wall tension related to hypervolemia are <br />important in cardiovascular disease development in renal patients. B-type natriuretic <br />peptide (BNP) is a cardiac neurohormone specifically secreted bycardiac ventricles <br />in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. High sensitivity C-reactive <br />(hsCRP) have been found to reflect chronic inflammation and significantly elevated in <br />hemodialysis patients.Aim of the work:To assess the relationship between left <br />ventricular filling pressure (using plasma BNP levels) and inflammation (using <br />plasma hsCRP levels) in patients with chronic renal failure and their relationship <br />with renal echogenisity detected by ultrasonography.Patients and methods: Plasma <br />BNP and hsCRP were measured on the same day in 38 pre-dialysis patients. Patients <br />were classified into 5 groups according toultrasonographic renal echogenisity into <br />Group 1(no=3) with grade 0, group 2 (no=2)with grade I, group 3 (no=15) with <br />grade II, group 4 (no=14) with grade III renal echogenisity and group 5 (no=4) with <br />complete loss of the medulla and cortex of the kidney.Result: Plasma levels of BNP <br />and hsCRP were significantly higher in patients with chronic renal failure in <br />comparison with controls (274.3±97.1 pg/ml versus 33.7±8.0 pg/ml and 11.4±3.9 <br />mg/L versus 2.7±1.0 mg/L respectively P <0.0001 for each). Comparing plasma <br />levels of BNP and hsCRP with ultrasonograghic renal echogenisity, which reflect <br />severity of renal disease, showed that the plasma levels of BNP were 104.7±15.0 <br />pg/ml, 148.0±67.9 pg/ml, 248.5±72.0 pg/ml, 310.1±39.2 pg/ml and 436.0±10.0 pg/ml <br />in the five groups of patients respectively and hsCRP were 4.7±0.6 mg/L, 5.5±0.7 <br />mg/L, 10.3±3.2 mg/L, 13.6±1.8 mg/L and 16.0±0.8 mg/L in the same previous groups <br />respectively. It was clear that the plasmalevels of both biomarkers were significantly <br />higher in patients with more severe renal affection (P< 0.0001 for each). There was, <br />also, highly significant positive correlation between plasmalevels of BNP and hsCRP <br />in all groups of patients (r= 0.9, P<0.0001) and significant negative correlation <br />between both markers and serum albumin (r=-0.4, P<0.001 and r=-0.5, P<0.0001 <br />respectively) and significant negative correlation between both markers and <br />hemoglobin levels (r=-0.8, P< 0.0001 and r=-0.8, P< 0.0001 respectively).<br />Conclusion: The present results suggest a link between left ventricular pressure and <br />inflammation in patients with chronic renal failure. The importance of strict volume <br />control in these patients, in order to reduce left ventricular pressure and therefore <br />inflammation, should be considered. Both BNP and hsCRP could provide <br />complementary diagnostic and prognostic information regarding future <br />cardiovascular disorders in renal patients.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Long-term effects of prenataland neonatal exposure to cortisone on the pituitary corticotrophs and folliculostellate cells in rats29463728410.21608/besps.2007.37284ENTarekEl-GhamrawyDepartment of Anatomy ,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityLailaEl-SayedDepartment of Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20070626BackgroundThe objective of this study is to demonstrate the effects of prenatal and <br />neonatal taking of glucocorticoid (GC) on the morphology of the pituitary gland <br />corticotrophs and folliculostellate (FS) cells and the experssion of lipocortin 1 (LC1; <br />annexin I) which is a mediator of many actions of GC. Material and MethodSixty <br />adult male and female albino rats, weighting 200-230 g were used in this study <br />pregnant and lactating rats were divided into control and treated groups (5rats per <br />group). Treated groups with GC were given it via drinking water (1ug/ml) to the rats <br />on d 16-19 of pregnancy or in first week following delivery for lactating rats. Results: <br />The optical density of ACTH antibody andS100 protein antibody were significantly <br />decreased in both prenatal and neonatal groups of dexamethasone administration <br />compared to the control, prenatal dexamethasone treated group produce long-term <br />changes in morphology. Also there was significant reduction in prenatal and neonatal <br />level of annexin-1gene expression when it was compared to the control group. <br />Conclusion: there were significant effects of GC administration in prenatal and <br />neonatal rat groups in the form of morphological and physiological changesEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201The effect of exercise on the levels of circulating leptin in hyperlipidemic patients47623728910.21608/besps.2007.37289ENIbraheemEl-AkkaryClinical Physiology Departement,
Medical Research institute, Alexandria University, EgyptMohamedEl-GhazaliClinical Physiology Departement,
Medical Research institute, Alexandria University, EgyptAwatefEl-SharkawiApplied Medical Biochemistry Departement,
Medical Research institute, Alexandria University, EgyptBothinaMohamedApplied Medical Biochemistry Departement,
Medical Research institute, Alexandria University, EgyptUsamaEl-BassiuniApplied Medical Biochemistry Departement,
Medical Research institute, Alexandria University, EgyptJournal Article20070626This study examined the acute (single bout of exercise) and chronic (exercise <br />training) effects of exercise on plasma lipidlevels in relation to concomittant changes <br />in plasma leptin concentrations. Fourty sedentary adult subjects were categorized <br />into 4 groups, ten in each :lean normolipidemic control, obese normolipidemic, lean <br />hyperlipidemic and obese hyperlipidemic groups. Leptin levels were measured by <br />ELISA method while plasma lipids including total cholestrol (TC), triglycerides (TG), <br />high density lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholestrol <br />(LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein-cho;estrol (VLDL-C) were measured by <br />conventional colorimetric methods. These measurements were performed before and <br />after acute and chronic exercise. Exercisetraining was a high intensity aerobic <br />exercise performed on cycle ergometer at the level of 85% of maximal predicted heart <br />rate, twice weekly for 12 weeks. Plasma leptin concentrations were significantly <br />higher in normolipidemic (P<0.001) and hyperlipidemic (P <0.01) obese groups and <br />hyperlipidemic (P<0.01) non obese group compared to controls. However, there were <br />no significant correlations between basal serum leptin levels and any of basal serum <br />lipid profile parameters in all studied groups. No significant changes in lipid <br />parameters or leptin concentrations after single bout of exercise. In turn, exercise <br />training induced significant favorable reduction in TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C and <br />increase of HDL-C in all group similar significant reduction in serum leptin levels <br />among the studied groups (P<0.0001). However, there were no significant <br />correlations between the response of leptin to exercise training (expressed as percent <br />reduction from the baseline ) with the associated responses to exercise in any of the <br />lipid profile parameters in all groups. In conclusion, high intensity aerobic exercise <br />training could improve lipid parameters associated with reduction of serum leptin <br />concentration. However, this exercise-induced leptin reduction may restore leptin <br />sensitivity that might regulate metabolic adaptation to exercise.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Risk Factors in Ischemic Heart Disease: Comparison between Disturbance in Serum Lipid Profile and Total Homocysteine in Old Myocardial Infarction63723729710.21608/besps.2007.37297ENMohamedAbd-ElmoatyDepartment of Biochemistry,
Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityAhmedBogdadyDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityMervatAttiaDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityLotfyAbo-DahabDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityAliKassemDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityJournal Article20070626Objectives: Disturbance in the Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and <br />serum total homocysteine are predisposing factors in myocardial infarction.Design <br />and methods: The study group consisted of 56 patients 35 male (aged 47.8±4.8 <br />years), and 21 females (aged 46±4.3 years). The entry criterion for the patient group <br />has a history of typical or atypical chest pain, unequivocal changes in the <br />electrocardiogram. The control group consisted of 30 normal volunteers, 16 male <br />(aged 48.4±5.2 years) and 14 females (aged 45.1±4.9 years). Measurement of serum <br />total homocysteine was performed by enzyme linked immune sorbant assay (ELISA). <br />Measurement of TC, TG, and HDL-C were performed using spectrophotometer. LDL-C <br />was calculated.Results: Patients with myocardial infarction were found to have <br />higher serum total homocysteine levels (23.93±2.99 mol/L in male and 25.82±3.82 <br />mol/L in female) than controls (10.45±2.73 mol/L and 12.92±0.9 mol/L in both <br />male and female respectively) (for each comparison; p < 0.001). Serum total <br />homocysteine levels were significantly correlated with high Triglycerides and low <br />HDL-C.Conclusions: The above mentioned findings suggest the potential usefulness of <br />Triglycerides, HDL-C and serum total homocysteine as risk factors in myocardial <br />infarction patients. These findings shouldbe used in the future studies on the etiology <br />and pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and toascertain which patients are at risk <br />for subsequent cardiovascular events and who will benefit from revascularization.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Effect of Interleukin-2 on Interleukin-10 invitro Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Correlation with Hepatocyte Growth Factor Serum Levels in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure73823730210.21608/besps.2007.37302ENSehamAbou ShoushaImmunology Department
, Medical Research Institute,
Alexandria UniversityHodaHamdyApplied Medical Chemistry Department
, Medical Research Institute,
Alexandria UniversityAmanyYoussefApplied Medical Chemistry Department
, Medical Research Institute,
Alexandria UniversityEmanKhalilInternal Medicine Department
, Medical Research Institute,
Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20070626Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is associated with dysfunction of immuno–inflammatory <br />response manifested by imbalanced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory <br />cytokines as well as decreased Th1/Th2ratio. In the present work, the effect of <br />interleukin 2 (IL-2) [as the main Th cell activator] on the production of interleukin-10 <br />(IL-10) [as a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine] by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear <br />Cells (PBMCs) in CRF patients was studied. The study was conducted on a group of <br />20 patients with CRF and 10 sex and age matched normal healthy individuals as a <br />group of control. For both groups, the levels of IL-10 were measured in IL-2-supplemented and non-supplemented cell culture supernatants of PBMCs. The <br />obtained results were correlated with serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) <br />as a marker of CRF associated inflammatory state. Results of the work revealed that <br />IL-10 levels were significantly higher in both IL-2 supplemented (P=0.000) and non <br />supplemented (P=0.000) PBMCs supernatants of CRF group when compared to <br />normal one. This finding reflects the low grade systemic inflammation associated with <br />CRF that is confirmed by significantly elevated HGF serum mean level (P=0.001) in <br />CRF patients than normal subjects in the present study. These results have <br />demonstrated that IL-2 may play a protective role in CRF patients through correction <br />of Th1/Th2ratio and keeping the balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory <br />cytokines in those patientsEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Effect of Adiposity on Plasma Visfatin and Retinol Binding Protein-4 with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus831043730510.21608/besps.2007.37305ENAmalEl-ShehabyThe Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine- Cairo UniversityAbirZakariaThe Department of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine- Cairo UniversityNaglaaMostafaThe Department of
Radiology, Faculty of Medicine- Cairo UniversitySohaTalaatThe Department of
Radiology, Faculty of Medicine- Cairo UniversityJournal Article20070626Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue display important metabolic differences <br />that underline the association of visceral obesity with obesity-related cardiovascular <br />and metabolic alterations. Recently, the potential role of adipokines (visfatin and <br />retinol binding protein-4) in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance are <br />increasingly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether <br />plasma visfatin and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) levels are correlated with <br />obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to examine their association with visceral, <br />subcutaneous as well as fat deposition in the liver. The study was conducted on forty <br />patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and twenty age and sex matched healthy <br />subjects as controls. Both diabetic and control subjects were divided into two equal <br />groups according to the body mass index (BMI), the first was non-obese subjects with <br />BMI < 25 Kg/ m<br />2<br />and the other was obese subjects with BMI ≥30 Kg/m<br />2 <br />(20 cases <br />each). After full clinical evaluation, fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, <br />and lipid profile levels were estimated in all groups. Plasma visfatin, retinol binding <br />protein-4 and serum insulin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent <br />assay. Insulin resistance index was calculated by the homeostasis model assessment <br />(HOMAIR<br />). Visceral fat, subcutaneous fat and fat deposition in the liver were <br />measured by ultrasonography. The results of the study showed that the levels of <br />plasma visfatin and RBP-4 were increased significantly in diabetics compared to <br />control group; moreover, both of them were significantly higher in diabetics <br />compared to control subjects with similar BMI values. However, Plasma visfatin <br />concentration was positively correlated with RBP-4, BMI, waist / hip ratio (WHR), <br />insulin, insulin resistance index and visceral fat area, while it was negatively <br />correlated with systolic blood pressure in all diabetic patients (both obese and non-obese). On the other hand, plasma RBP-4 concentration was correlated positively <br />with visfatin, BMI, WHR, blood glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index, and <br />ectopic fat deposition in the liver in diabetic patients. Stepwise multiple regression <br />analysis revealed that plasma visfatin levels remained positively correlated with <br />visceral fat area and WHR; while plasma RBP-4 levels remained positively <br />correlated with BMI, ectopic fat deposition in the liver and HOMAIR<br />in all diabetic <br />patients. Plasma visfatin levels were significantly higher in diabetics than control <br />subjects and positively correlated with visceral fat area but not with subcutaneous fat.
Although visfatin levels wereincreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the correlation <br />seems to be primarily through obesity. Moreover, plasma RBP-4 levels were <br />increased significantly in diabetics compared to control subjects. However, <br />circulating RBP-4 is not correlated with the amount of visceral or subcutaneous fat, <br />but, it was correlated positively with ectopic fat deposition in the liver and insulin <br />resistance. Thus, the close relationship between circulating RBP-4 with ectopic fat <br />deposition in the liver and insulin resistance may reflect stronger effects of RBP-4 on <br />hepatic insulin sensitivity.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Transforming Growth Factor β2 in the Aqueous Humour of Patients with and without Glaucoma1051143730810.21608/besps.2007.37308ENMonaAbdel HamidMedical Biochemistry Department,
Research Institute of OphthalmologyImanFahmyOphthalmology Department,
Research Institute of OphthalmologyAhmedHelalOphthalmology Department,
Research Institute of OphthalmologyJournal Article20070626This study was performed to determine the levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 <br />(PAI-1), transforming growth factor ß2 (TGFß2) and total protein in the aqueous <br />humour of patients with glaucoma versus those without glaucoma. A total of 30 <br />aqueous humour samples were collected from patients with glaucoma and cataract <br />(20 glaucoma aqueous samples and 10 cataractaqueous samples). The levels of PAI-1 and TGFß2 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while <br />total protein levels by the Bradford method. There was a significant increase in the <br />aqueous levels of PAI-1, TGFB2 and total protein in the glaucoma group compared <br />to the cataract group. Further analysis of the glaucoma group showed a significant <br />increase in the levels of PAI-1, TGFß2 in patients with late compared to patients with <br />early open angle glaucoma. There was a significant positive correlation between the <br />levels of PAI-1 and total protein in patients with glaucoma. Also a significant positive <br />correlation was detected between PAI-1 and TGFß2 in both glaucoma groups. These <br />data are consistent with the possibility that intraocularly produced PAI-1 may <br />contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis. So, reducing the production or activity of PAI-1 <br />in the eye could constitute a new targetfor the design of glaucoma therapy.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201A Comparative Study on the Effect of Leptin Hormone and Gemfibrozil in an Experimental Model of Hyperlipidemia Induced byChronic Ethanol Treatment1151343731110.21608/besps.2007.37311ENHebaTahaBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan UniversityEl-SharkawiFBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan UniversitySamyAbd El-AzimBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20070626The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of leptin hormone and <br />Gemfibrozil on the body weight, hepatic & serum lipids and lipoproteins profile in <br />ethanol-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The study was carried on 53 male albino rats <br />weighing 130-160 g classified into six groups (from A-F). Three of these groups were <br />fed a normal diet (A, C and D), while the other groups (B, E and F) were fed a <br />normal diet combined with ethanol (6.32 g/kg body weight per oral) for the first 30 <br />days. Subsequently, the first three groups received a normal diet for group (A), in <br />addition to Gemfibrozil (100 mg/kg per oraldaily) for group (C) or exogenous leptin <br />(230 µg/kg body weight, i.p.) every alternate day for group (D), while Groups (E) and <br />(F) were administered Gemfibrozil and leptin respectively for the next 15 days. At the <br />end of the total experimental period of 45 days, liver total lipids, serum <br />concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, triglycerides, total <br />proteins, albumin and glucose were measured. Ethanol-induced hyperlipidemia in <br />rats resulted in marked increase of liver total lipids and significantincrease of serum <br />total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides levels. This was associated with <br />concomitant decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol and glucose levels as well as serum <br />total proteins and albumin levels. However, no changes were observed in the body <br />weight gain. Administration of leptin or Gemfibrozil separately or after ethanol-induced hyperlipidemia to rats was able to antagonize the ethanol-induced <br />biochemical changes in the tissues studied. The results of the current study showed <br />that leptin administered alone to rats resulted in marked decrease of their body <br />weight and fasting serum glucose levels while serum HDL-C was elevated. These <br />findings indicated that the chronic administration of exogenous leptin was more <br />effective as compared to Gemfibrozil in preventing the rise in lipids and lipoproteins <br />concentration in an animal model of alcohol-induced hyperlipidemia.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Effect of Modulation of Nitric Oxide on Rat Diaphragm Isometric Contraction and Fatigue Resistance in Hyperoxic and Hypoxic Conditions1351563731310.21608/besps.2007.37313ENSandraYounanThe Department of Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo
UniversitiyAmaniAliThe Department of Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine,El-Fayoum UniversityJournal Article20070626The role of nitric oxide (NO) in ventillatory muscle contractile function has been <br />under debate for several years. Moreover little is known about NO role under hypoxic <br />conditions and the contribution of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) in its <br />generation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NO on the force <br />generation and fatigue resistance of the rat diaphragm muscle under acute in vitro <br />hypoxia and to compare these effects to those under hyperoxic conditions. The effects <br />of the NOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), the NO scavenger <br />hemoglobin, and the NO donor Na nitroprusside on the maximal twitch force (Ft), <br />submaximal tetanic force (F30), maximal tetanic force (F0) and isotonic endurance <br />time under hyperoxic and hypoxic conditions were evaluated. Also diaphragm iNOS <br />activity and nitrotyrosine level as a marker of peroxynitrite were measured. Inhibition <br />of NO production and its scavenging using L-NMMA and Hb respectively had no <br />effect on the diaphragm isometric contraction, the recruitment of its muscle fibers and <br />fatigue resistance under hyperoxic condition. Hypoxia significantly reduced Ft, F30 , <br />F0 and fatigue resistance with increased diaphragm iNOS activity and nitrotyrosine <br />level. Hypoxia significantly reduced Ft and F0 in L-NMMA group compared to <br />hyperoxic control one. While L-NMMA significantly increased F30 and decreased <br />isotonic fatigability during hypoxia concomitant with reduction of iNOS activity and <br />nitrotyrosine level compared to hypoxic control group. Moreover Hb induced similar <br />results with additional significant improvement of Ft and F0. The effects of L-NMMA <br />were prevented by co-administration with the NOS substrate L-arginine. On the other <br />hand, Excessive exogenous NO production by Nanitroprusside markedly decreased <br />isometric contractile and fatigue properties during both hyperoxia and hypoxia. In <br />conclusion the results of this study showed that the iNOS is activated in the <br />diaphragm under hypoxia and may contribute partially to NO generation in hypoxia. <br />Also they indicate that NO has a more prominent role in rat diaphragm under in vitro <br />hypoxia compared to hyperoxic condition and that it contributes to the depression of <br />force generation in the hypoxic diaphragm in vitro. Inhibition of NO generation <br />during hypoxia may have a protective effect which could be a target in clinical <br />conditions.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Serum Resistin and Plasma Visfatin: Relation to Insulin Resistance and Hyperandrogenism in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome1571763731710.21608/besps.2007.37317ENHananAhmedDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityNeveinGhamryDepartment of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20070626Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by <br />hyperandrogenismand insulin resistance. The mechanism that is responsiblefor <br />insulin resistance is unclearand several hypotheses havebeen suggested. Resistin, <br />and visfatin, a new protein with potential insulin-mimetic action are adipokines which <br />are suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. The aim of the <br />study is to assess the relationship between both serum resistin and plasma visfatin <br />and insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients. The present study <br />included 60 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (group II: 30 with BMI < <br />25 kg/m<br />2 <br />and group IV: 30 with BMI > 25 kg/m<br />2<br />) and 20 healthy women (group I: 10 <br />with BMI < 25 kg/m<br />2 <br />and group III: 10 with BMI > 25 kg/m<br />2<br />) served as controls. <br />Fasting blood samples were withdrawn between the 3<br />rd<br />and the 6<br />th<br />day of the <br />menstrual cycle of the ovulating women and between the 3<br />rd<br />and the 6<br />th<br />day of a <br />spontaneous bleeding of the anovulatory women. Serum LH, FSH free testosterone, <br />resistin, plasma glucose, insulin and visfatin were estimated in all patients and <br />controls. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostatic assessment model <br />(HOMA). Resistin and visfatin levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS <br />(13.26±7.58 ng/ml and 35.82±8.94 ng/ml) than normal controls (7.95± 2.17 ng/ml <br />and 11.88±1.84 ng/ml) (p=0.003, p<0.0001), respectively. Serum resistin levels in <br />groups III and IV were significantly higher compared to groups I and II (p< 0.001, <br />p< 0.001) being higher in group IV, whereas no significant difference existed between <br />groups I and II. Resistin correlated positively with BMI, fasting plasma glucose, <br />fasting plasma insulin and HOMA index in women with BMI > 25 kg/ m<br />2<br />(groups III <br />and IV).In other words, resistin was found tocorrelate significantlywith all obesity-associated parameters. Plasma visfatin levels were significantly higher in groups II <br />and IV being higher in group IV when compared to the control groups I and III, <br />whereas no significant difference existed between control groups I and III. Visfatin <br />also positively correlated with, fasting plasma insulin (r = 0.882, p< 0.01 and r = <br />0.952, p< 0.01) and HOMA (r = 0.908, p< 0.01 and r = 0.942, p< 0.01) in women <br />with PCOS (groups II and IV), respectively. In women with PCOS (groups II and IV), <br />both resistin and visfatin positively correlated with free testosterone (r =0.6, p = <br />0.003 and r = 0.973, p< 0.01) and (r = 0.969, p<0.01 and r = 0.922, p<0.01), <br />respectively. In women with PCOS (groupsII and IV), resistin correlated positively <br />with visfatin (r = 0.784, p< 0.01, r =0.954, p< 0.01), respectively. From the current
data, it could be suggested that resistin levels correlate with insulin resistance as a <br />consequence of obesity itself, rather than a, causative factor. Also the possibility that <br />resistin may play a role in augmenting androgen biosynthesis in women with PCOS <br />could arise. We presume that, in PCOS the increase in plasma visfatin is a secondary <br />event in order to prevent further development of insulin resistance. Finally, the <br />insulin-like visfatin action might stimulate ovarian androgen synthesis and secretion <br />and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Middle Ear Effusion Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 levels could Differentiate between Bacterial and Non-Bacterial Acute Otitis Media and Help to Identify the Type of Infecting Bacteria1771903732110.21608/besps.2007.37321ENThanaaHamedDepartment of Medical Biochemistry ,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversityMamdouhAbadierDepartment of Medical Biochemistry ,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversityMohamedShindyDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversityJournal Article20070626This study aimed to investigate the middle ear effusion (MEE) levels of interleukin-6 <br />(IL-6) and IL-8 inchildren with acute otitis media (AOM) and their relation to its <br />etiology and type of infecting bacteria as a trial to define a faster diagnostic modality <br />than traditional culture and sensitivity testso as to early initiate therapy. The study <br />included 70 children; 44 males and 26 females, with a mean age of 19.3±8 months; <br />50 patients had unilateral and 20 bilateral AOM (n=90 ears). The diagnosis of AOM <br />was based on presence of fever, irritabilityor earache and signs of inflammation of <br />thetympanic membrane. The presence of MEE was documented by tympanocentesis<br />and MEE sampleswere obtained for culture to define the offending pathogen, <br />cytological examination to grade it according to number of polymophonuclear <br />leucocytes (PNL) and ELISA estimation of the levels of IL-6 and IL-8. Sensitivity and <br />specificity of MEE IL-6 and IL-8 levels for differentiation between bacterial and non-bacterial cases and identification of infecting bacteria were evaluated using the <br />receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis judged by the area under the <br />curve (AUC). Bacteriological examination identified the infective pathogen in 61 <br />samples (67.7%) and no bacterial infection in 29 samples (32.3%). Combined <br />infection with Haemophilus influenzae (H. inf.) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. <br />pn.) was detected in 12 samples. However, single pathogen infection was detected in <br />49 samples; H. inf in 35 samples, S. pn in 11 samples, Moraxella catarrhalis in 2 <br />samples and S. pyogenes in one sample. Effusion was serous in 52, mucoid in 28 and <br />purulent in 10 effusions. Nine samples weregrade I, 35 were grade II, 29 samples <br />were grade III and 17 samples were grade IV. There was a significant (p<0.05) <br />increase of MEE IL-6 level in samples withpositive culture compared to samples with <br />negative culture. Also, there was a significant(p<0.05) increase in MEE IL-6 levels <br />in samples positive for S. pn. compared to its levels estimatedin samples infected with <br />H. inf. or by both pathogens. Mean MEE IL-8 level was significantly (p<0.05) <br />elevated in samples with positive culture compared to levels estimated in samples <br />with negative culture. Moreover, MEE IL-8 levels in samples positive for H. inf. were <br />significantly (p<0.05) elevated compared to levels estimatedin samples positive for S. <br />pn. and non-significantly (p>0.05) elevated compared to levels estimated in samples <br />with mixed infection. ROC curve analysis revealed that estimation of MEE levels of <br />both IL-6 and IL-8 are specific for the presence of bacterial AOM with AUC=0.832 &
0.897, respectively. Elevated MEE level of IL-6 could differentiate between H. inf. <br />and S. pn. infection with high specificity with AUC=0.758, while IL-8 was more <br />sensitive indictor of H. inf. infection with AUC=0.363. It may be concluded that AOM <br />is associated with elevated MEE levels ofIL-6 and IL-8 which may suggest a role <br />imposed by these cytokines in pathogenesis of AOM. The elevated levels of both <br />cytokines could differentiate bacterial from non-bacterial cases with high specificity. <br />Elevated MEE level of IL-6 may be specific for S. pn infection, while elevated IL-8 <br />levels may be a sensitive for H. inf. infectionEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tissue Expression Level as a Predictor for the Aggressiveness of HPV-associated Laryngeal Carcinoma1912063732610.21608/besps.2007.37326ENThanaaHamedDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversitiyMosadOdahDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversitiyEmanBadrDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Minoufiya UniversityIbrahiemRagehDepartment of Clinical Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversityAbou-BakrRasDepartment of
Otorhinolaryngology,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversityMagdaBakrDepartment Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine, Benha UniversityJournal Article20070626This study was designed to evaluate the frequency of human papilloma virus (HPV) <br />infection in patients with laryngeal squameous cell carcinoma (LSCC) through <br />identification of the viral DNA using PCR analysis and to determine the tissue levels <br />of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a trial tofind a relation between HPV <br />infection, EGFR expression and clinicopathological findings in patients with LSCC. <br />The study comprised 32 patients with suspected LSCC; 25 males and 7 females; with <br />mean age 53.3±12.2; range: 25-72 years. All females and 5 males were non-smokers; <br />while 20 males were smokers. Patients were subjected to full history taking and <br />clinical examination. Direct laryngoscopy was performed under light general <br />anesthesia in the operating room for evaluation of the larynx and the entire upper <br />aerodigestive tract for accurate clinical staging according to TNM classification, to <br />determine the full extent of the local spread of the tumor and to obtain tissue biopsy. <br />Fresh tumor tissue specimens were divided into two parts, the first was studied and <br />graded pathologically according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification <br />and the second was stored at -70<br />o<br />C untilprocessed and examined by PCR technique <br />for the presence of HPV-DNA and analyzedfor EGFR expression expressed as femto-mol/mg (fM/mg) protein. Squameous cell carcinoma was detected in 29 cases (90.6%) <br />and 3 cases were excluded off the study; 21 patients (72.4%) had lesions clinically <br />staged as stage I, while 3 (10.3%) and 5 (17.3%) had lesions of stages II and III, <br />respectively. Patients had Stage I lesions were significantly (p<0.05) younger than <br />patients with stage II and III lesions and 9 lesions were detected in non-smokers. <br />Laryngoscopy defined 23 (79.3%) glottic lesions, 2 (6.9%) supraglottic and 3 (10.3%) <br />subglottic lesions and one case (3.4%) had an extensive squamous cell carcinoma of <br />the larynx involving the subglottic region,the glottis and the supraglottic areas. <br />There were 21 (72.4%) polypoid lesions and 8 (27.6%) ulcerative lesions. According <br />to WHO classification, 14 specimens were type 1, 9 specimens type 2 and 6 specimens <br />were type 3. PCR could detect HPV-DNA in 16 (55.2%) specimens (viral specimens) <br />and could not be detected in the other 13 specimens (non-viral cases). Four <br />specimens of WHO type 1, 6 specimens ofWHO type 2 and 6 specimens of WHO type <br />3 were viral specimens. Mean tissue expression level of EGFR was 37.7±32.2 fM/mg <br />protein and was significantly higher in viral (54.7±27.8 fM/mg protein) compared to
non-viral cases (16.8±24.6 fM/mg protein) and in specimens of WHO type 2 and 3 <br />compared to those of type 1. Moreover, there was a positive significant correlation <br />between the pathological WHO types and presence of viral infection, (r=0.568, <br />p=0.001) and the tissue expression levels of EGFR, (r=0.720, p<0.001) and a <br />positive significant correlation between tissue expression of EGFR and the presence <br />of viral infection, (r=0.595, P=0.001). Using the receiver operating characteristic <br />(ROC) curve analysis judged by the area under the curve (AUC) to determine the <br />specificity of the presence of HPV infection and tissue expression of EGFR as a <br />predictor of cancer aggressiveness manifested as WHO pathological stage revealed <br />that tissue expression of EGFR is more specific (AUC=0.731) than the presence of <br />viral infection (AUC=0.583). It could be concluded that laryngeal infection with HPV <br />may predispose to carcinogenesis through activation of certain growth factors as <br />EGF and both were found significantly correlated with the aggressiveness of LSCC <br />with the level of tissue expression of EGFR being a specific determinant of tumor <br />aggressiveness manifested as pathologic stage.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Physiological Standards of Acoustic Rhinometry in Suez Canal Area2072203732810.21608/besps.2007.37328ENAmaniElbazDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal UniversityAlaaFareedDepartment of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal UniversityMagdyElbarbaryDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal UniversitySaharGreishDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal UniversityJournal Article20070626Acoustic Rhinometry (AR) measures the relationship of the cross-sectional area and <br />the distance into the nasal cavity. Great efforts have been done to validate and <br />standardize its clinical use. Inspite of many researches done in Egypt by AR, there <br />are no normal National Egyptian Physiological gold standards of MCA, DMCA and <br />NCV like many other countries. This study was carried out to establish local <br />reference values for AR parameters in healthy normal adults. One hundred and thirty <br />healthy volunteer students of the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University in the <br />age range from 18 to 24 years, who were free from any nasal problems by history and <br />examination, were subjected to AR testing in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, <br />Suez Canal University Hospital. The AR parameters before decongestant were: mean <br />mMCA was 0.58 ± 0.15 cm<br />2<br />with a range 0.27- 1.00 cm<br />2<br />, the mean mDMCA was 1.92 <br />± 0.16 cm with a range 1.62- 2.34 cm, and the mean total NCV was 12.68 ± 3.35 cm<br />3 <br />and ranges from 5.11 to 21.97 cm<br />3<br />. The AR parameters after decongestant was: mean <br />mMCA was 0.60 ± 0.14 cm<br />2<br />with a range 0.31- 1.14 cm<br />2<br />, the mean mDMCA was 1.90 <br />± 0.16 cm with a range 1.50- 2.46 cm, and the mean total NCV was 13.32 ± 3.79 cm<br />3 <br />and ranges from 5.46 to 26.41 cm<br />3<br />. It was found that the difference between males <br />and females in the three AR parameters was statistically significant before and after <br />decongestion. Also, it was found that there were weak positive significant <br />correlations between the three AR parameters and height, weight and age before and <br />after decongestion. In this study, it was found that there were insignificant relations <br />between the AR parameters and the sensation of nasal cycle and the phases of <br />menstrual cycle, but there was a significant relation between the AR parameters and <br />the performance of sport activity, so other researches are needed to study the effect of <br />nasal cycle, hormonal changes, sport activity, effect of nasal infections and <br />pulmonary functions on the AR parameters.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Antioxidant and Antidiabetic t ceffE of Quercetin in rats2212323736910.21608/besps.2007.37369ENMohamedAbdelmoatyDepartment of Biochemistry,
Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityMohamedIbrahimDepartment of
Pharmaceutics,
El-Azhar Faculty
of Pharmacy, El-Azhar University (Assiut)NagwaAhmedDepartment of Biochemistry,
Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityMohamedAbdelazizDepartment of Biochemistry,
El-Azhar Faculty
of Pharmacy, El-Azhar University (Assiut)Journal Article20070626Quercetin (QE), one of natural flavonoid group, was widely distributed as a <br />secondary metabolite in plant k ingdom and recognized as anti-inflammatory, <br />antiallergic, antiviral, antibacterial and antitumor activity. It has been believed that <br />oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of <br />the present study was the evaluation of possible effects of QE on blood glucose and <br />antioxidant enzymes in experimental streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. <br />STZ was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 50 mg k g<br />.-1<br />for diabetes <br />induction. QE (15 mg k g<br />.-1<br />day, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection) was injected for 3 <br />days prior to STZ administration; these injections were continued to the end of the <br />study (for 25days).Glucose tolerance test and random plasma glucose were done for <br />all animals. In order to determine the changes of cellular antioxidant defense system, <br />antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), superoxide dismutase <br />(SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in pancreatic homogenates. <br />Quercetin had no effect on plasma glucose level of normal animals but its pre-treatment was able to prevent diabetes induced by single i p injection of streptozocin-treated rats. Antioxidant enzyme activity significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in STZ <br />induced diabetic group. QE treatment significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme <br />activities (P<0.05). It could be concluded that quercetin, a flavonoid with antioxidant <br />properties, exerting its beneficial antidiabetic effects. However, it may be of little <br />value in normoglycemic animals.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Serum Neopterin Level in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Relation toDisease Activity, Organ Affection and Different Therapy Regimens2332483737510.21608/besps.2007.37375ENNouranEl GhandourDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityHananAbd El AzizDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversitySamarMarzoukDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityMarwaAhmedDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20070626Distinguishing patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from those <br />with inactive disease has always been considered a great challenge. Identifying new <br />sensitive markers of activity will be of great value in the clinical management of the <br />disease. Thus the aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between <br />serum neopterin levels and various parameters of disease activity currently used, in <br />addition, to investigate serum neopterin levels in different patterns of organ disease <br />involvement and during the administration of different therapy regimens used in the <br />management of SLE. The study was conducted on 75 female subjects; 26 patients with <br />active SLE, 24 SLE patients in remission and 25 healthy controls. Patients with SLE <br />were fulfilled four or more of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria, <br />and disease activity was scoredusing the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group <br />(BILAG) index.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum urea, serum creatinine, <br />liver function tests, plasma complements C3 and C4, C3 degradation products <br />(C3dg), anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA) and serum neopterin <br />were measuredin all groups. Serum neopterin was significantly elevated in the active <br />group as compared to the remission group.Both groups of SLE showed higher levels <br />of neopterin when compared to the control group. Serum neopterin level showed <br />higher sensitivity than other SLE markers (80%) and second highest specificity after <br />anti-dsDNA antibodies (73%). Also, a highly significant positive correlation was <br />found between serum neopterin levels and each of plasma C3dg, anti-dsDNA <br />antibodies, and ESR. Meanwhile, a highly significant negative correlation was <br />detected between serum neopterin levels and both plasma C3 and C4 levels. As <br />regarding various treatment regimens used in the management of active SLE, the <br />current study demonstrated decrease in serum neopterin levels in patients receiving <br />combined treatment of both prednisolone and cytotoxic drugs than those receiving <br />either treatment alone. A significant difference in serum neopterin levels was <br />observed in patients with multiple organ affection in comparison to those with single <br />organ affection regardless the type of organ affected. The present results suggest that <br />the estimation of serum neopterin levels seems beneficial in the assessment of disease <br />activity and progress in SLE patients as well as the assessment of the efficacy of <br />various treatment regimens being used.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Association of Ghrelin and Resistin With Body Fat Composition and Insulin Resistance in Chronic Renal Failure2492643738110.21608/besps.2007.37381ENSamarMarzoukDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityAmalEl-ShehabyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityAmrZahraDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityMohamedEl-KhatibDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityNaglaaMostafaDepartment of
Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversitySohaTalaatDepartment of
Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20070626The metabolic role of the energy modulating hormone ghrelin and the adipocytokine <br />resistin is perturbed in uremia and could contribute to nutritional abnormalities. <br />Malnutrition is an important risk factor for mortality in uremic patients. The present <br />study aimed to clarify the possible role of ghrelin and resistin in malnutrition <br />observed in patients with chronic renal failure and to study their interrelationship, as <br />well as, their correlation with body fat composition and insulin resistance. The study <br />was performed on sixty patients and twenty control subjects matched for age, sex, and <br />body mass index (BMI). The patients were classified into two groups: 30 patients with <br />end-stage renal failure on chronic hemodialysis; and 30 pre-dialysis chronic renal <br />failure patients on conservative treatment. All patients and control subjects were <br />subjected to a thorough clinical assessment, and estimation of fasting plasma levels of <br />lipid profile, creatinine, glucose, insulin, ghrelin and resistin. Insulin resistance was <br />assessed using the homeostatic assessment model for insulin resistance (HOMAIR<br />). <br />Body fat composition was measured in all subjects by means of dual-energy X- ray <br />absorptiometry (DEXA). Plasma ghrelin and resistin levels were significantly higher <br />in both hemodialysis and pre-dialysis groups compared to control subjects. <br />Furthermore, plasma ghrelinand resistin levels weresignificantly higher in <br />hemodialysis group compared to pre-dialysis group. In hemodialysis group, a <br />significant negative correlation was found between plasma ghrelin and each of <br />resistin, BMI, insulin, HOMAIR<br />, and truncal fat mass, while a significant positive <br />correlation between plasma ghrelin and creatinine was found. In pre-dialysis group, <br />plasma ghrelin was inversely correlated significantly with BMI, insulin, HOMAIR<br />, and <br />truncal fat mass, but positively correlated significantly with creatinine and lean body <br />mass. As regards plasma resistin, no correlation was found between resistin and any <br />of the studied parameters in that group. In control subjects, plasma ghrelin showed <br />significant negative correlation with BMI, and both truncal fat mass and body fat <br />mass, but a significant positive correlation was detected between plasma ghrelin and <br />lean body mass. However, plasma resistinwas negatively correlated significantly <br />with truncal fat mass, body fat mass, and positively correlated significantly with lean <br />body mass. Multiple regression analysis showed that plasma ghrelin was dependent <br />on BMI in both hemodialysis and predialysis subjects and on truncal fat mass in <br />control subjects
In conclusion, plasma ghrelin and resistin concentration were markedly elevated in <br />patients with end-stage renal failure, which might be caused by decreased metabolism <br />or excretion in renal failure. The negative correlation between plasma ghrelin and fat <br />composition and insulin suggest that anorexia causes increase in ghrelin secretion in <br />dialysis patients, which might be a compensatory mechanism rather than a causative <br />factor. However, the lack of association between the increased plasma resistin and fat <br />composition and insulin resistance suggest that resistin is not likely a mediator of <br />nutritional status and insulin resistance in patients with end-stage renal failure.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Serum Ferritin and Soluble Transferrin Receptors in Type II Diabetic Patients: Correlation with TNF-αas a Marker of Inflammation2652763738710.21608/besps.2007.37387ENAmiraHassounaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityEbtesamZakariaDepartment of
Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityNehalHamdyDepartment of
Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityMahaRakhaDepartment of
Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20070626Over the past years cumulating evidence has confirmed interlinking pathways <br />connecting type II diabetes mellitus (DM) with an underlying inflammatory process. <br />Furthermore, iron overload states have alsobeen directly linkedto the development <br />of insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Serum ferritin as well as most of the <br />biochemical markers for iron are affected by the acute phase response rendering the <br />assessment of iron status in patients with inflammatory conditions somewhat <br />challenging. So, the present study aimed to determine circulating levels of ferritin and <br />soluble transferring receptor (sTFR) in type II diabetic patients as well as TNF-αas <br />an inflammatory marker in order to evaluate whether serum ferritin reflects iron body <br />stores or inflammation in diabetic patients. Thirty diabetic patients and 15 healthy <br />control subjects were included in the study. Serum ferritin, sTFR and TNF-αlevels <br />were measured by enzyme immunoassay.Serum iron and total iron binding capacity <br />(TIBC) were determined by quantitative colorimetric determination. The results of the <br />study showed that diabeticpatients have significantly higher serum ferritin levels <br />than control subjects. However, no differences in sTFR levels were observed between <br />both groups. A significant negative correlation between ferritin and sTFR levels was <br />detected in control subjects but not in diabetic patients. Moreover, a significant <br />positive correlation was found between levels of TNF-αand ferritin but not with sTFR <br />levels in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Serum ferritin levels are increased in type II <br />diabetic patients in correlation with the inflammatory marker TNF-αand in the <br />absence of a reciprocal decrease of sTFR. These findings suggest that the elevated <br />ferritin levels in type II diabetes are mainly as a result of inflammatory mechanisms <br />rather than iron overload.Egyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Tumor-derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiopoietin-2 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer2772923739410.21608/besps.2007.37394ENEmanObaiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityTarekMohsenDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityAmanyAbou ZeidDepartment of
Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20070626Lung cancer is a common disease with a dismal prognosis. Accurate staging is <br />crucial for defining operability, selecting treatment regimens, and predicting survival. <br />Methods of mediastinal lymph node staging include imaging and surgical sampling <br />by different tools with many disadvantages. Angiogenesis is essential process in <br />tumor growth, maintenance and metastasis. The tumor with high vessels density is <br />related to metastasis and poor clinical outcome. Angiogenesis is regulated by balance <br />between stimulatory and inhibitory regulators of endothelial cell activation. Vascular <br />endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) are two of the most <br />potent angiogenic molecules. In this study we were evaluated the clinical effectiveness <br />of serum level of Ang-2 and VEGF to aid management decision relating to diagnosis <br />and staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present work was conducted <br />on 60 subjects. They were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (15 healthy volunteers), <br />Group 2 (15 patients with pulmonary diseases other than cancer) and Group 3 (30 <br />patients with NSCLC).The latter were divided into two subgroups: Group 3a:15 <br />patients with operable (NSCLC), and Group 3b:15 patients with non-operable <br />NSCLC). Serum levels of Ang-2 and VEGF in different groups were measured using <br />ELISA technique. The serum Ang-2 and VEGF were significantly higher in patients <br />with NSCLC than patients with non-neoplastic lesions compared to healthy controls <br />(p<0.001).There was a significant positive correlation between both levels in patients <br />with NSCLC. With stage progression in NSCLC, the non-operable group (3b) had <br />significantly higher levels than operable group (3a). Patients with distant metastasis <br />had higher levels than those without (p< 0.001). But, no notable significant <br />differences were found in either serum levels of VEGF or Ang-2 concerning the cell <br />type .Among 30 NSCLC patients, stages of 7 patients (23.3%) were misdiagnosed <br />because of they had normal sized lymph node on CT image . Five of them were <br />Squamous carcinoma and the other two were adenocarcinoma on histopathological <br />examination that need mediastioscopy. But, all NSCLC patients had high level of both <br />markers according to their nodal staging. The operable group (3a)showed significant <br />decrease in both levels after surgical resection (P<0.001). Conclusion:The present <br />findings suggest that assessment of circulating levels of VEGF and Ang-2 may be <br />simple noninvasive future tools for diagnosis, staging, treatment planning and <br />monitoring of treatment in patients with NSCLCEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201Resistin, inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease2933063739610.21608/besps.2007.37396ENNagwaRoshdyDepartment of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityHatemDarwishDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityMohamedEl BaselDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityYaserAbdel HamidDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20070626In the present study, the role of decreased renal function on resistin was explored. <br />The possible links with inflammation and the insulin resistance present in patients <br />with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were investigated. Post-transplantation changes <br />in these factors and relations were also examined. The study included 83 subjects; <br />67 patients suffering from chronic kidney diseases and 16 healthy subjects. <br />Participants were classified into the following groups: Group I:16 chronic kidney <br />disease patients on conservative treatment (9 males and 7 females, mean age 42.75 ± <br />11.7 years). Group II:26 dialysis patients (13 males and 13 females, mean age 43.8 ± <br />14.6 years). Group III:25 post kidney transplantation patients (13 males, 12 females, <br />mean age 44.2 ± 8.2 years). Group IV:16 healthy, age and sex matched subjects <br />served as control group (8 males and 8 females, mean age 43.50±9.2 years). <br />Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by Modification of Diet <br />in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Insulin resistance was estimated using the <br />homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Serum levels <br />of resistin, hs CRP and IL6 were estimated by ELISA technique. Results showed that <br />circulating resistin levels were significantlyhigher in patient groups compared to the <br />control group. They decreased significantly post-transplantation, yet still higher than <br />normal subjects. These levels showed significantly negative correlation with eGFR. <br />However, resistin levels correlated significantly positive with inflammatory <br />biomarkers (IL6 and hs CRP) in the studied groups. On the other hand, there was no <br />significant correlation between resistinand insulin resistance in any group.In <br />conclusion:Resistin levels correlate with renal function and inflammation in CKD <br />patients. However, it is not a likely mediatorof insulin resistance in those patients. <br />Renal function is an important factor to take into account in clinical studies relating <br />insulin sensitivity to inflammatory biomarkers in CKDEgyptian Society for Physiological SciencesBulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences1110-084227220071201The Relation between Major Depression and Plasma levels of Cytokines and High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein3073203740610.21608/besps.2007.37406ENAmrZahraDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityEmanObaiaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityAmiraHassounaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityMohamedEzatDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of
Medicine, Alfayoum UniversityJournal Article20070626A little is known about the relation of plasma cytokines with psychological risk <br />factors, such as hopelessness, and the severityof depressive symptoms. The present <br />work studied theeffect of depression onplasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and high <br />sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in 40 subjects. Participants included two <br />groups; patient group included 20 nonsmoking males (aged 20–40years), recruited <br />from the psychiatry clinic at Kasr El-Ainy Hospital fulfilling the DSM-IV Axis I <br />disorders criteria for major depression. Control group included 20 healthy, <br />nonsmoking males (age matched with no current or past history of psychiatric <br />disorders). After an overnight fast, blood samples were collected and plasma IL-6, IL-1β, and hsCRP were determined using enzymatic-linked immunosorbent assay <br />(ELISA), also fasting total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol <br />(HDL-C) were estimated on the same day that the BeckDepression Inventory (BDI), <br />Hopelessness Scale (HS) and full psychiatric sheet were accomplished. The results of <br />the study showed a significant increase in depressed patients compared to normal <br />controls as regards mean scores of BDI, HS, IL-1β, IL-6 and hsCRP. There was, also, <br />a significant increase in both patients withmoderate and severe depression compared <br />to patients with mild depression asregards mean scores of BDI, IL-1β, IL-6 and <br />hsCRP. There was, also, a significant difference between patients with mild <br />hopelessness and those with moderate and severe hopelessness as regards mean <br />scores of HS, IL-1β, IL-6 and hsCRP.Conclusion: Patients with major depression <br />revealed high levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and hsCRP. That finding makes such patients more <br />vulnerable to cerebrovascular accidents, where elevation of plasma cytokines and <br />inflammatory markers are considered as risk factors for myocardial infarction